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Register a new userIrrealism from fringe visibility in matter-wave double-slit interference with initial contractive states
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The elements of reality coined by Einstein, Podoslky, and Rosen promoted a series of fundamental discussions involving the notion of quantum correlations and physical realism. The superposition principle applied in the double-slit experiment with matter waves highlights the need for a critical review of the adoption of physical realism in the quantum realm. In this work, we employ a measure of physical irrealism and consider an initial contractive state in the double-slit setup for which position and momentum variables of a single particle are initially correlated. We investigate how the behavior of the irrealism can help us to obtain information about the interference pattern, wavelike, and particle-like properties in the double-slit setup with matter waves. We find that there is a time of propagation that minimizes the irrealism, and around this point the state at the detection screen is squeezed in position and momentum in comparison with the standard Gaussian superposition. Interestingly, we show that the maximum visibility and the number of interference fringes are related to the minimum of the irrealism. Moreover, we demonstrate a monotonic relation between the irrealism and visibility around the time of minimum. Then, we argue how to use these results to indirectly measure the irrealism for position variable from the fringe visibility.
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In classical optics, Youngs double-slit experiment with colored coherent light gives rise to individual interference fringes for each light frequency, referring to single-photon interference. However, two-photon double-slit interference has been widely studied only for wavelength-degenerate biphoton, known as subwavelength quantum lithography. In this work, we report double-slit interference experiments with two-color biphoton. Different from the degenerate case, the experimental results depend on the measurement methods. From a two-axis coincidence measurement pattern we can extract complete interference information about two colors. The conceptual model provides an intuitional picture of the in-phase and out-of-phase photon correlations and a complete quantum understanding about the which-path information of two colored photons.
We resolve phonon number states in the spectrum of a superconducting qubit coupled to a multimode acoustic cavity. Crucial to this resolution is the sharp frequency dependence in the qubit-phonon interaction engineered by coupling the qubit to surface acoustic waves in two locations separated by $sim40$ acoustic wavelengths. In analogy to double-slit diffraction, the resulting self-interference generates high-contrast frequency structure in the qubit-phonon interaction. We observe this frequency structure both in the coupling rate to multiple cavity modes and in the qubit spontaneous emission rate into unconfined modes. We use this sharp frequency structure to resolve single phonons by tuning the qubit to a frequency of destructive interference where all acoustic interactions are dispersive. By exciting several detuned yet strongly-coupled phononic modes and measuring the resulting qubit spectrum, we observe that, for two modes, the device enters the strong dispersive regime where single phonons are spectrally resolved.
The interference observed for a quanton, traversing more than one path, is believed to characterize its wave nature. Conventionally, the sharpness of interference has been quantified by its visibility or contrast, as defined in optics. Based on this visibility, wave-particle duality relations have been formulated for two-path interference. However, as one generalizes the situation to multi-path interference, it is found that conventional interference visibility is not a good quantifier. A recently introduced measure of quantum coherence has been shown to be a good quantifier of the wave nature. The subject of quantum coherence, in relation to the wave nature of quantons and to interference visibility, is reviewed here. It is argued that coherence can be construed as a more general form of interference visibility, if the visibility is measured in a different manner, and not as contrast.
We study the fringe visibility and the distinguishability of a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter. Both the fringe visibility V and the distinguishability D are affected by the input state of the particle characterized by the Bloch vector S=(Sx,Sy,Sz) and the second asymmetric beam splitter characterized by paramter /beta. For the total system is initially in a pure state, it is found that the fringe visibility reaches the upper bound and the distinguishability reaches the lower bound when cos(/beta) = -Sx. The fringe visibility obtain the maximum only if Sx = 0 and /beta = /pi/2 when the input particle is initially in a mixed state. The complementary relationship V2 + D2 <= 1 is proved in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter, and the conditions for the equality are also presented.
A third-order double-slit interference experiment with pseudo-thermal light source in the high-intensity limit has been performed by actually recording the intensities in three optical paths. It is shown that not only can the visibil- ity be dramatically enhanced compared to the second-order case as previously theoretically predicted and shown experimentally, but also that the higher visi- bility is a consequence of the contribution of third-order correlation interaction terms, which is equal to the sum of all contributions from second-order cor- relation. It is interesting that, when the two reference detectors are scanned in opposite directions, negative values for the third-order correlation term of the intensity fluctuations may appear. The phenomenon can be completely explained by the theory of classical statistical optics, and is the first concrete demonstration of the influence of the third-order correlation terms.
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