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CG-BERT: Conditional Text Generation with BERT for Generalized Few-shot Intent Detection

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 Added by Congying Xia
 Publication date 2020
and research's language is English




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In this paper, we formulate a more realistic and difficult problem setup for the intent detection task in natural language understanding, namely Generalized Few-Shot Intent Detection (GFSID). GFSID aims to discriminate a joint label space consisting of both existing intents which have enough labeled data and novel intents which only have a few examples for each class. To approach this problem, we propose a novel model, Conditional Text Generation with BERT (CG-BERT). CG-BERT effectively leverages a large pre-trained language model to generate text conditioned on the intent label. By modeling the utterance distribution with variational inference, CG-BERT can generate diverse utterances for the novel intents even with only a few utterances available. Experimental results show that CG-BERT achieves state-of-the-art performance on the GFSID task with 1-shot and 5-shot settings on two real-world datasets.



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Providing pretrained language models with simple task descriptions or prompts in natural language yields impressive few-shot results for a wide range of text classification tasks when combined with gradient-based learning from examples. In this paper, we show that the underlying idea can also be applied to text generation tasks: We adapt Pattern-Exploiting Training (PET), a recently proposed few-shot approach, for finetuning generative language models on text generation tasks. On several text summarization and headline generation datasets, our proposed variant of PET gives consistent improvements over a strong baseline in few-shot settings.
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In this paper, we study the few-shot multi-label classification for user intent detection. For multi-label intent detection, state-of-the-art work estimates label-instance relevance scores and uses a threshold to select multiple associated intent labels. To determine appropriate thresholds with only a few examples, we first learn universal thresholding experience on data-rich domains, and then adapt the thresholds to certain few-shot domains with a calibration based on nonparametric learning. For better calculation of label-instance relevance score, we introduce label name embedding as anchor points in representation space, which refines representations of different classes to be well-separated from each other. Experiments on two datasets show that the proposed model significantly outperforms strong baselines in both one-shot and five-shot settings.

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