No Arabic abstract
Finding the maximum number of induced cycles of length $k$ in a graph on $n$ vertices has been one of the most intriguing open problems of Extremal Graph Theory. Recently Balogh, Hu, Lidick{y} and Pfender answered the question in the case $k=5$. In this paper we determine precisely, for all sufficiently large $n$, the maximum number of induced $5$-cycles that an $n$-vertex planar graph can contain.
Let $f(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ possible in an $n$-vertex planar graph. The function $f(n,H)$ has been determined when $H$ is a cycle of length $3$ or $4$ by Hakimi and Schmeichel and when $H$ is a complete bipartite graph with smaller part of size 1 or 2 by Alon and Caro. We determine $f(n,H)$ exactly in the case when $H$ is a path of length 3.
Let $f(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph. The order of magnitude of $f(n,P_k)$, where $P_k$ is a path of length $k$, is $n^{{lfloor{frac{k}{2}}rfloor}+1}$. In this paper we determine the asymptotic value of $f(n,P_4)$ and give conjectures for longer paths.
For a fixed planar graph $H$, let $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph. In the case when $H$ is a cycle, the asymptotic value of $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,C_m)$ is currently known for $min{3,4,5,6,8}$. In this note, we extend this list by establishing $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,C_{10})sim(n/5)^5$ and $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,C_{12})sim(n/6)^6$. We prove this by answering the following question for $min{5,6}$, which is interesting in its own right: which probability mass $mu$ on the edges of some clique maximizes the probability that $m$ independent samples from $mu$ form an $m$-cycle?
Hakimi and Schmeichel determined a sharp lower bound for the number of cycles of length 4 in a maximal planar graph with $n$ vertices, $ngeq 5$. It has been shown that the bound is sharp for $n = 5,12$ and $ngeq 14$ vertices. However, it was only conjectured by the authors about the minimum number of cycles of length 4 for maximal planar graphs with the remaining small vertex numbers. In this note we confirm their conjecture.
A graph $G$ is $d$-degenerate if every non-null subgraph of $G$ has a vertex of degree at most $d$. We prove that every $n$-vertex planar graph has a $3$-degenerate induced subgraph of order at least $3n/4$.