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We present a learning-based method for detecting real and fake deepfake multimedia content. To maximize information for learning, we extract and analyze the similarity between the two audio and visual modalities from within the same video. Additionally, we extract and compare affective cues corresponding to perceived emotion from the two modalities within a video to infer whether the input video is real or fake. We propose a deep learning network, inspired by the Siamese network architecture and the triplet loss. To validate our model, we report the AUC metric on two large-scale deepfake detection datasets, DeepFake-TIMIT Dataset and DFDC. We compare our approach with several SOTA deepfake detection methods and report per-video AUC of 84.4% on the DFDC and 96.6% on the DF-TIMIT datasets, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first approach that simultaneously exploits audio and video modalities and also perceived emotions from the two modalities for deepfake detection.
Active speaker detection is an important component in video analysis algorithms for applications such as speaker diarization, video re-targeting for meetings, speech enhancement, and human-robot interaction. The absence of a large, carefully labeled audio-visual dataset for this task has constrained algorithm evaluations with respect to data diversity, environments, and accuracy. This has made comparisons and improvements difficult. In this paper, we present the AVA Active Speaker detection dataset (AVA-ActiveSpeaker) that will be released publicly to facilitate algorithm development and enable comparisons. The dataset contains temporally labeled face tracks in video, where each face instance is labeled as speaking or not, and whether the speech is audible. This dataset contains about 3.65 million human labeled frames or about 38.5 hours of face tracks, and the corresponding audio. We also present a new audio-visual approach for active speaker detection, and analyze its performance, demonstrating both its strength and the contributions of the dataset.
It has been suggested in developmental psychology literature that the communication of affect between mothers and their infants correlates with the socioemotional and cognitive development of infants. In this study, we obtained day-long audio recordings of 10 mother-infant pairs in order to study their affect communication in speech with a focus on mothers speech. In order to build a model for speech emotion detection, we used the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS) and trained a Convolutional Neural Nets model which is able to classify 6 different emotions at 70% accuracy. We applied our model to mothers speech and found the dominant emotions were angry and sad, which were not true. Based on our own observations, we concluded that emotional speech databases made with the help of actors cannot generalize well to real-life settings, suggesting an active learning or unsupervised approach in the future.
While significant advancements have been made in the generation of deepfakes using deep learning technologies, its misuse is a well-known issue now. Deepfakes can cause severe security and privacy issues as they can be used to impersonate a persons identity in a video by replacing his/her face with another persons face. Recently, a new problem of generating synthesized human voice of a person is emerging, where AI-based deep learning models can synthesize any persons voice requiring just a few seconds of audio. With the emerging threat of impersonation attacks using deepfake audios and videos, a new generation of deepfake detectors is needed to focus on both video and audio collectively. A large amount of good quality datasets is typically required to capture the real-world scenarios to develop a competent deepfake detector. Existing deepfake datasets either contain deepfake videos or audios, which are racially biased as well. Hence, there is a crucial need for creating a good video as well as an audio deepfake dataset, which can be used to detect audio and video deepfake simultaneously. To fill this gap, we propose a novel Audio-Video Deepfake dataset (FakeAVCeleb) that contains not only deepfake videos but also respective synthesized lip-synced fake audios. We generate this dataset using the current most popular deepfake generation methods. We selected real YouTube videos of celebrities with four racial backgrounds (Caucasian, Black, East Asian, and South Asian) to develop a more realistic multimodal dataset that addresses racial bias and further help develop multimodal deepfake detectors. We performed several experiments using state-of-the-art detection methods to evaluate our deepfake dataset and demonstrate the challenges and usefulness of our multimodal Audio-Video deepfake dataset.
Search is at the heart of modern e-commerce. As a result, the task of ranking search results automatically (learning to rank) is a multibillion dollar machine learning problem. Traditional models optimize over a few hand-constructed features based on the items text. In this paper, we introduce a multimodal learning to rank model that combines these traditional features with visual semantic features transferred from a deep convolutional neural network. In a large scale experiment using data from the online marketplace Etsy, we verify that moving to a multimodal representation significantly improves ranking quality. We show how image features can capture fine-grained style information not available in a text-only representation. In addition, we show concrete examples of how image information can successfully disentangle pairs of highly different items that are ranked similarly by a text-only model.
In recent years, the advent of deep learning-based techniques and the significant reduction in the cost of computation resulted in the feasibility of creating realistic videos of human faces, commonly known as DeepFakes. The availability of open-source tools to create DeepFakes poses as a threat to the trustworthiness of the online media. In this work, we develop an open-source online platform, known as DeepFake-o-meter, that integrates state-of-the-art DeepFake detection methods and provide a convenient interface for the users. We describe the design and function of DeepFake-o-meter in this work.