Subscribe to the gold package and get unlimited access to Shamra Academy
Register a new userDiscovery of Extended Structures around Two Evolved Planetary Nebulae M 2-55 and Abell 2
77
0
0.0
(
0
)
Ask ChatGPT about the research
No Arabic abstract
We report a multi-wavelength study of two evolved planetary nebulae (PNs) M 2-55 and Abell 2. Deep optical narrow-band images ([O III], H?, and [N II]) of M 2-55 reveal two pairs of bipolar lobes and a new faint arc-like structure. This arc-shaped filament around M 2-55 appears a well-defined boundary from southwest to southeast, strongly suggesting that this nebula is in interaction with its surrounding interstellar medium. From the imaging data of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky survey, we discovered extensive mid-infrared halos around these PNs, which are approximately twice larger than their main nebulae seen in the visible. We also present a mid-resolution optical spectrum of M 2-55, which shows that it is a high-excitation evolved PN with a low electron density of 250 cm^-3. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of these nebulae from their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) by means of archival data.
rate research
Read More
We present narrow-band near-infrared images of a sample of 11 Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) obtained in the molecular hydrogen (H$_{2}$) 2.122 $mu$m and Br$gamma$ 2.166 $mu$m emission lines and the $K_{rm c}$ 2.218 $mu$m continuum. These images were collected with the Wide-field InfraRed Camera (WIRCam) on the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT); their unprecedented depth and wide field of view allow us to find extended nebular structures in H$_{2}$ emission in several PNe, some of these being the first detection. The nebular morphologies in H$_{2}$ emission are studied in analogy with the optical images, and indication on stellar wind interactions is discussed. In particular, the complete structure of the highly asymmetric halo in NGC6772 is witnessed in H$_{2}$, which strongly suggests interaction with the interstellar medium. Our sample confirms the general correlation between H$_{2}$ emission and the bipolarity of PNe. The knotty/filamentary fine structures of the H$_{2}$ gas are resolved in the inner regions of several ring-like PNe, also confirming the previous argument that H2 emission mostly comes from knots/clumps embedded within fully ionized material at the equatorial regions. Moreover, the deep H$_{2}$ image of the butterfly-shaped Sh1-89, after removal of field stars, clearly reveals a tilted ring structure at the waist. These high-quality CFHT images justify follow-up detailed morpho-kinematic studies that are desired to deduce the true physical structures of a few PNe in the sample.
Using an [OIII]5007 on-band/off-band filter technique, we identify 109 planetary nebulae (PNe) candidates in M 82, using the FOCAS instrument at the 8.2m Subaru Telescope. The use of ancillary high-resolution HST ACS H-alpha imaging aided in discriminating PNe from contaminants such as supernova remnants and compact HII regions. Once identified, these PNe reveal a great deal about the host galaxy; our analysis covers kinematics, stellar distribution, and distance determination. Radial velocities were determined for 94 of these PNe using a method of slitless spectroscopy, from which we obtain a clear picture of the galaxys rotation. Overall, our results agree with those derived by CO(2-1) and HI measurements that show a falling, near-Keplerian rotation curve. However, we find a subset of our PNe that appear to lie far above the plane (~1 kpc), yet these objects appear to be rotating as fast as objects close to the plane. These objects will require further study to determine if they are members of a halo population, or if they can be interpreted as a manifestation of a thickened disk as a consequence of a past interaction with M 81. In addition, [OIII]5007 emission line photometry of the PNe allows the construction of a planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF). Our PNLF distance determination for M 82 yields a larger distance than those derived using the TRGB, using Cepheid variable stars in nearby group member M 81, or using the PNLF of M 81. We show that this inconsistency most likely stems from our inability to completely correct for internal extinction imparted by this dusty, starburst galaxy. (Abridged)
We present a detailed comparative study of the arcs and fragmented ring-like features in the haloes of the planetary nebulae (PNe) NGC 6543, NGC 7009, and NGC 7027 and the spiral pattern around the carbon star AFGL 3068 using high-quality multi-epoch HST images. This comparison allows us to investigate the connection and possible evolution between the regular patterns surrounding AGB stars and the irregular concentric patterns around PNe. The radial proper motion of these features, ~15 km/s, are found to be consistent with the AGB wind and their linear sizes and inter-lapse times (500-1900 yr) also agree with those found around AGB stars, suggesting a common origin. We find evidence using radiative-hydrodynamic simulations that regular patterns produced at the end of the AGB phase become highly distorted by their interactions with the expanding PN and the anisotropic illumination and ionization patterns caused by shadow instabilities. These processes will disrupt the regular (mostly spiral) patterns around AGB stars, plausibly becoming the arcs and fragmented rings observed in the haloes of PNe.
Stellar post asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) evolution can be completely altered by a final thermal pulse (FTP) which may occur when the star is still leaving the AGB (AFTP), at the departure from the AGB at still constant luminosity (late TP, LTP) or after the entry to the white-dwarf cooling sequence (very late TP, VLTP). Then convection mixes the He-rich material with the H-rich envelope. According to stellar evolution models the result is a star with a surface composition of $mathrm{H}approx,20,$% by mass (AFTP), $approx 1,$% (LTP), or (almost) no H (VLTP). Since FTP stars exhibit intershell material at their surface, spectral analyses establish constraints for AGB nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. We performed a spectral analysis of the so-called hybrid PG 1159-type central stars (CS) of the planetary nebulae Abell 43 and NGC7094 by means of non-local thermodynamical equilibrium models. We confirm the previously determined effective temperatures of $T_mathrm{eff} = 115,000pm 5,000,$K and determine surface gravities of $log (g,/,mathrm{cm/s^2}) = 5.6pm 0.1$ for both. From a comparison with AFTP evolutionary tracks, we derive stellar masses of $0.57^{+0.07}_{-0.04},M_odot$ and determine the abundances of H, He, and metals up to Xe. Both CS are likely AFTP stars with a surface H mass fraction of $0.25 pm 0.03$ and $0.15 pm 0.03$, respectively, and a Fe deficiency indicating subsolar initial metallicities. The light metals show typical PG 1159-type abundances and the elemental composition is in good agreement with predictions from AFTP evolutionary models. However, the expansion ages do not agree with evolution timescales expected from the AFTP scenario and alternatives should be explored.
We report a multi-wavelength study of four new planetary nebula (PN) candidates selected from the INT/WFC Photometric Ha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS) and Deep Sky Hunter (DSH) catalogues. We present mid-resolution optical spectra of these PNs. The PN status of our sample was confirmed by optical narrow-band images and mid-resolution spectra. Based on the locations of these objects in the log (Ha/[N II]) versus log (Ha/[S II]) diagnostic diagram, we conclude that these sources are evolved lowexcitation PNs. The optical and infrared appearances of these newly discovered PNs are discussed. Three of the new nebulae studied here are detected in infrared and have low infrared-to-radio flux ratios, probably suggesting that they are evolved. Furthermore, we derive the dynamical ages and distances of these nebulae and study the spectral energy distribution for one of them with extensive infrared archival data.
Log in to be able to interact and post comments
comments
Fetching comments
Sign in to be able to follow your search criteria
