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Authors
Octave Lacourte
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Let PC be the group of bijections from [0, 1[ to itself which are continuous outside a finite set. Let PC be its quotient by the subgroup of finitely supported permutations. We show that the Kapoudjian class of PC vanishes. That is, the quotient map PC $rightarrow$ PC splits modulo the alternating subgroup of even permutations. This is shown by constructing a nonzero group homomorphism, called signature, from PC to Z 2Z. Then we use this signature to list normal subgroups of every subgroup G of PC which contains S fin and such that G, the projection of G in PC , is simple.
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Let $I=[0,1)$ and $mathcal{PC}(I)$ [resp. $mathcal{PC}^+(I)$] be the quotient group of the group of all piecewise continuous [resp. piecewise continuous and orientation preserving] bijections of $I$ by its normal subgroup consisting in elements with finite support (i.e. that are trivial except at possibly finitely many points). Unpublished Theorems of Arnoux ([Arn81b]) state that $mathcal{PC}^+(I)$ and certain groups of interval exchanges are simple, their proofs are the purpose of the Appendix. Dealing with piecewise direct affine maps, we prove the simplicity of the group $mathcal A^+(I)$ (see Definition 1.6). These results can be improved. Indeed, a group $G$ is uniformly simple if there exists a positive integer $N$ such that for any $f,phi in Gsetminus{Id}$, the element $phi$ can be written as a product of at most $N$ conjugates of $f$ or $f^{-1}$. We provide conditions which guarantee that a subgroup $G$ of $mathcal{PC}(I)$ is uniformly simple. As Corollaries, we obtain that $mathcal{PC}(I)$, $mathcal{PC}^+(I)$, $PL^+ (mathbb S^1)$, $mathcal A(I)$, $mathcal A^+(I)$ and some Thompson like groups included the Thompson group $T$ are uniformly simple.
A closed subgroup $H$ of a locally compact group $G$ is confined if the closure of the conjugacy class of $H$ in the Chabauty space of $G$ does not contain the trivial subgroup. We establish a dynamical criterion on the action of a totally disconnected locally compact group $G$ on a compact space $X$ ensuring that no relatively amenable subgroup of $G$ can be confined. This property is equivalent to the fact that the action of $G$ on its Furstenberg boundary is free. Our criterion applies to the Neretin groups. We deduce that each Neretin group has two inequivalent irreducible unitary representations that are weakly equivalent. This implies that the Neretin groups are not of type I, thereby answering a question of Y.~Neretin.
We show that certain groups of piecewise linear homeomorphims of the interval are invariably generated.
The famous Tits alternative states that a linear group either contains a nonabelian free group or is soluble-by-(locally finite). We study in this paper similar alternatives in pseudofinite groups. We show for instance that an $aleph_{0}$-saturated pseudofinite group either contains a subsemigroup of rank $2$ or is nilpotent-by-(uniformly locally finite). We call a class of finite groups $G$ weakly of bounded rank if the radical $rad(G)$ has a bounded Prufer rank and the index of the sockel of $G/rad(G)$ is bounded. We show that an $aleph_{0}$-saturated pseudo-(finite weakly of bounded rank) group either contains a nonabelian free group or is nilpotent-by-abelian-by-(uniformly locally finite). We also obtain some relations between this kind of alternatives and amenability.
This paper presents a Gaussian process (GP) model for estimating piecewise continuous regression functions. In scientific and engineering applications of regression analysis, the underlying regression functions are piecewise continuous in that data follow different continuous regression models for different regions of the data with possible discontinuities between the regions. However, many conventional GP regression approaches are not designed for piecewise regression analysis. We propose a new GP modeling approach for estimating an unknown piecewise continuous regression function. The new GP model seeks for a local GP estimate of an unknown regression function at each test location, using local data neighboring to the test location. To accommodate the possibilities of the local data from different regions, the local data is partitioned into two sides by a local linear boundary, and only the local data belonging to the same side as the test location is used for the regression estimate. This local split works very well when the input regions are bounded by smooth boundaries, so the local linear approximation of the smooth boundaries works well. We estimate the local linear boundary jointly with the other hyperparameters of the GP model, using the maximum likelihood approach. Its computation time is as low as the local GPs time. The superior numerical performance of the proposed approach over the conventional GP modeling approaches is shown using various simulated piecewise regression functions.
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