No Arabic abstract
Optical tomographic cross-sectional images of biological samples were made possible by interferometric imaging techniques such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Owing to its unprecedented view of the sample, OCT has become a gold standard, namely for human retinal imaging in the clinical environment. In this Letter, we present Optical Incoherence Tomography (OIT): a completely digital method extending the possibility to generate tomographic retinal cross-sections to non-interferometric imaging systems such as en-face AO-ophthalmoscopes. We demonstrate that OIT can be applied to different imaging modalities using back-scattered and multiply-scattered light including systems without inherent optical sectioning. We show that OIT can be further used to guide focus position when the user is blind focusing, allowing precise imaging of translucent retinal structures, the vascular plexuses and the retinal pigment epithelium using respectively split detection, motion contrast, and autofluorescence techniques.
We have developed a multimodal photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscope combined with swept source optical coherence tomography for in vivo, non-contact retinal imaging. Building on the proven strength of multiwavelength PARS imaging, the system is applied for estimating retinal oxygen saturation in the rat retina. The capability of the technology is demonstrated by imaging both microanatomy and the microvasculature of the retina in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first time a non-contact photoacoustic imaging technique is employed for in vivo oxygen saturation measurement in the retina.
Histological images are critical in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Unfortunately, the current method for capturing these microscopy images require resource intensive tissue preparation that delays diagnosis for many days to a few weeks. To streamline this process, clinicians are limited to assessing small macroscopically representative subsets of tissues. Here, we present a combined photoacoustic remote sensing (PARS) microscope and swept source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) system designed to circumvent these diagnostic limitations. The proposed multimodal microscope provides label-free three-dimensional depth resolved virtual histology visualizations, capturing nuclear and extranuclear tissue morphology directly on thick unprocessed specimens. The capabilities of the proposed method are demonstrated directly in unprocessed formalin fixed resected tissues. Here, we present the first images of nuclear contrast in resected human tissues, and the first 3-dimensional visualization of subsurface nuclear morphology in resected Rattus tissues, captured with a non-contact photoacoustic system. Moreover, we present the first co-registered OCT and PARS images enabling direct histological assessment of unprocessed tissues. This work represents a vital step towards the development of a real-time histological imaging modality to circumvent the limitations of current histopathology techniques.
Objective evaluation of new and improved methods for PET imaging requires access to images with ground truth, as can be obtained through simulation studies. However, for these studies to be clinically relevant, it is important that the simulated images are clinically realistic. In this study, we develop a stochastic and physics-based method to generate realistic oncological two-dimensional (2-D) PET images, where the ground-truth tumor properties are known. The developed method extends upon a previously proposed approach. The approach captures the observed variabilities in tumor properties from actual patient population. Further, we extend that approach to model intra-tumor heterogeneity using a lumpy object model. To quantitatively evaluate the clinical realism of the simulated images, we conducted a human-observer study. This was a two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) study with trained readers (five PET physicians and one PET physicist). Our results showed that the readers had an average of ~ 50% accuracy in the 2AFC study. Further, the developed simulation method was able to generate wide varieties of clinically observed tumor types. These results provide evidence for the application of this method to 2-D PET imaging applications, and motivate development of this method to generate 3-D PET images.
Wave-CAIPI MR imaging is a 3D imaging technique which can uniformize the g-factor maps and significantly reduce g-factor penalty at high acceleration factors. But it is time-consuming to calculate the average g-factor penalty for optimizing the parameters of Wave-CAIPI. In this paper, we propose a novel fast calculation method to calculate the average g-factor in Wave-CAIPI imaging. Wherein, the g-factor value in the arbitrary (e.g. the central) position is separately calculated and then approximated to the average g-factor using Taylor linear approximation. The verification experiments have demonstrated that the average g-factors of Wave-CAIPI imaging which are calculated by the proposed method is consistent with the previous time-consuming theoretical calculation method and the conventional pseudo multiple replica method. Comparison experiments show that the proposed method is averagely about 1000 times faster than the previous theoretical calculation method and about 1700 times faster than the conventional pseudo multiple replica method.
Label-free vibrational imaging by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides unprecedented insight into real-time chemical distributions in living systems. Specifically, SRS in the fingerprint region can resolve multiple chemicals in a complex bio-environment using specific and well-separated Raman signatures. Yet, fingerprint SRS imaging with microsecond spectral acquisition has not been achieved due to the small fingerprint Raman cross-sections and the lack of ultrafast acquisition scheme with high spectral resolution and high fidelity. Here, we report a fingerprint spectroscopic SRS platform that acquires a distortion-free SRS spectrum with 10 cm-1 spectral resolution in 20 microseconds using a lab-built ultrafast delay-line tuning system. Meanwhile, we significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio by employing a spatial-spectral residual learning network, reaching comparable quality to images taken with two orders of magnitude longer pixel dwell times. Collectively, our system achieves reliable fingerprint spectroscopic SRS with microsecond spectral acquisition speed, enabling imaging and tracking of multiple biomolecules in samples ranging from a live single microbe to a tissue slice, which was not previously possible with SRS imaging in the highly congested carbon-hydrogen region. To show the broad utility of the approach, we have demonstrated high-speed compositional imaging of lipid metabolism in living pancreatic cancer Mia PaCa-2 cells. We then performed high-resolution mapping of cholesterol, fatty acid, and protein in the mouse whole brain. Finally, we mapped the production of two biofuels in microbial samples by harnessing the superior spectral and temporal resolutions of our system.