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Register a new userMany-Body Dephasing in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulator
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How a closed interacting quantum many-body system relaxes and dephases as a function of time is a fundamental question in thermodynamic and statistical physics. In this work, we analyse and observe the persistent temporal fluctuations after a quantum quench of a tunable long-range interacting transverse-field Ising Hamiltonian realized with a trapped-ion quantum simulator. We measure the temporal fluctuations in the average magnetization of a finite-size system of spin-$1/2$ particles. We experiment in a regime where the properties of the system are closely related to the integrable Hamiltonian with global spin-spin coupling, which enables analytical predictions even for the long-time non-integrable dynamics. The analytical expression for the temporal fluctuations predicts the exponential suppression of temporal fluctuations with increasing system size. Our measurement data is consistent with our theory predicting the regime of many-body dephasing.
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We show that the onset of quantum chaos at infinite temperature in two many-body 1D lattice models, the perturbed spin-1/2 XXZ and Anderson models, is characterized by universal behavior. Specifically, we show that the onset of quantum chaos is marked by maxima of the typical fidelity susceptibilities that scale with the square of the inverse average level spacing, saturating their upper bound, and that the strength of the integrability/localization breaking perturbation at these maxima decreases with increasing system size. We also show that the spectral function below the Thouless energy (in the quantum-chaotic regime) diverges when approaching those maxima. Our results suggest that, in the thermodynamic limit, arbitrarily small integrability/localization breaking perturbations result in quantum chaos in the many-body quantum systems studied here.
Quantum computers and simulators may offer significant advantages over their classical counterparts, providing insights into quantum many-body systems and possibly improving performance for solving exponentially hard problems, such as optimization and satisfiability. Here we report the implementation of a low-depth Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) using an analog quantum simulator. We estimate the ground state energy of the Transverse Field Ising Model with long-range interactions with tunable range and we optimize the corresponding combinatorial classical problem by sampling the QAOA output with high-fidelity, single-shot individual qubit measurements. We execute the algorithm with both an exhaustive search and closed-loop optimization of the variational parameters, approximating the ground state energy with up to 40 trapped-ion qubits. We benchmark the experiment with bootstrapping heuristic methods scaling polynomially with the system size. We observe, in agreement with numerics, that the QAOA performance does not degrade significantly as we scale up the system size, and that the runtime is approximately independent from the number of qubits. We finally give a comprehensive analysis of the errors occurring in our system, a crucial step in the path forward towards the application of the QAOA to more general problem instances.
The presence of flat bands is a source of localization in lattice systems. While flat bands are often unstable with respect to interactions between the particles, they can persist in certain cases. We consider a diamond ladder with transverse hopping that possesses such stable flat bands and show that many-body localization appears in the presence of interactions. We demonstrate that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is violated and verify localization by time evolution of local observables, revival probabilities, and participation ratios. Thus, this system appears to be an example for many-body localization without disorder.
We establish some general dynamical properties of lattice many-body systems that are subject to a high-frequency periodic driving. We prove that such systems have a quasi-conserved extensive quantity $H_*$, which plays the role of an effective static Hamiltonian. The dynamics of the system (e.g., evolution of any local observable) is well-approximated by the evolution with the Hamiltonian $H_*$ up to time $tau_*$, which is exponentially long in the driving frequency. We further show that the energy absorption rate is exponentially small in the driving frequency. In cases where $H_*$ is ergodic, the driven system prethermalizes to a thermal state described by $H_*$ at intermediate times $tlesssim tau_*$, eventually heating up to an infinite-temperature state at times $tsim tau_*$. Our results indicate that rapidly driven many-body systems generically exhibit prethermalization and very slow heating. We briefly discuss implications for experiments which realize topological states by periodic driving.
We consider the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of an interacting integrable system in the presence of an external dephasing noise. In the limit of large spatial correlation of the noise, we develop an exact description of the dynamics of the system based on a hydrodynamic formulation. This results in an additional term to the standard generalized hydrodynamics theory describing diffusive dynamics in the momentum space of the quasiparticles of the system, with a time- and momentum-dependent diffusion constant. Our analytical predictions are then benchmarked in the classical limit by comparison with a microscopic simulation of the non-linear Schrodinger equation, showing perfect agreement. In the quantum case, our predictions agree with state-of-the-art numerical simulations of the anisotropic Heisenberg spin in the accessible regime of times and with bosonization predictions in the limit of small dephasing times and temperatures.
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