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Register a new userFull-color complex-amplitude vectorial holograms based on multi-freedom metasurfaces
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Phase, polarization, amplitude and frequency represent the basic dimensions of light, playing crucial roles for both fundamental light-mater interactions and all major optical applications. Metasurface emerges as a compact platform to manipulate these knobs, but previous metasurfaces have limited flexibility to simultaneous control them. Here, we introduce a multi-freedom metasurface that can simultaneously and independently modulate phase, polarization and amplitude in an analytical form, and further realize frequency multiplexing by a k-space engineering technique. The multi-freedom metasurface seamlessly combine geometric Pancharatnam-Berry phase and detour phase, both of which are frequency-independent. As a result, it allows complex-amplitude vectorial hologram at various frequencies based on the same design strategy, without sophisticated nanostructure searching of massive size parameters. Based on this principle, we experimentally demonstrate full-color complex-amplitude vectorial meta-holograms in the visible with a metal-insulator metal architecture, unlocking the long-sought full potential of advanced light field manipulation through ultrathin metasurfaces.
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Advances in vectorial polarisation-resolved imaging are bringing new capabilities to applications ranging from fundamental physics through to clinical diagnosis. Imaging polarimetry requires determination of the Mueller matrix (MM) at every point, providing a complete description of an objects vectorial properties. Despite forming a comprehensive representation, the MM does not usually provide easily-interpretable information about the objects internal structure. Certain simpler vectorial metrics are derived from subsets of the MM elements. These metrics permit extraction of signatures that provide direct indicators of hidden optical properties of complex systems, while featuring an intriguing asymmetry about what information can or cannot be inferred via these metrics. We harness such characteristics to reveal the spin-Hall effect of light, infer microscopic structure within laser-written photonic waveguides, and conduct rapid pathological diagnosis through analysis of healthy and cancerous tissue. This provides new insight for the broader usage of such asymmetric inferred vectorial information.
We model second harmonic generation in subwavelength III-V-on-insulator waveguides. The large index contrast induces strong longitudinal electric field components that play an important role in the nonlinear conversion. We show that many different waveguide dimensions are suitable for efficient conversion of a fundamental quasi-TE pump mode around the 1550 nm telecommunication wavelength to a higher-order second harmonic mode.
Metasurface-based color display and holography have greatly advanced the state of the art display technologies. To further enrich the metasurface functionalities, recently a lot of research endeavors have been made to combine these two display functions within a single device. However, so far such metasurfaces have remained static and lack tunability once the devices are fabricated. In this work, we demonstrate a dynamic dual-function metasurface device at visible frequencies. It allows for switching between dynamic holography and dynamic color display, taking advantage of the reversible phase transition of magnesium through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Spatially arranged stepwise nanocavity pixels are employed to accurately control the amplitude and phase of light, enabling the generation of high-quality color prints and holograms. Our work represents a paradigm toward compact and multifunctional optical elements for future display technologies.
Metasurfaces with tunable spatial phase functions could benefit numerous applications. Currently, most approaches to tuning rely on mechanical stretching which cannot control phase locally, or by modulating the refractive index to exploit rapid phase changes with the drawback of also modulating amplitude. Here, we propose a method to realize phase modulation at subwavelength length scales while maintaining unity amplitude. Our device is inspired by an asymmetric Fabry-Perot resonator, with pixels comprising a scattering nanopost on top of a distributed Bragg reflector, capable of providing a nearly 2{pi} nonlinear phase shift with less than 2% refractive index modulation. Using the designed pixels, we simulate a tunable metasurface composed of an array of moderately coupled nanopost resonators, realizing axicons, vortex beam generators, and aspherical lenses with both variable focal length and in-plane scanning capability, achieving nearly diffraction-limited performance. The experimental feasibility of the proposed method is also discussed.
This article investigates the stability of laser sail-style spacecraft constructed from dielectric metasurfaces with areal densities $<$1g/m$^2$. We show that the microscopic optical forces exerted on a metasurface by a high power laser (100 GW) can be engineered to achieve passive self-stabilization, such that it is optically trapped inside the drive beam, and self-corrects against angular and lateral perturbations. The metasurfaces we study consist of a patchwork of beam-steering elements that reflect light at different angles and efficiencies. These properties are varied for each element across the area of the metasurface, and we use optical force modeling tools to explore the behavior of several metasurfaces with different scattering properties as they interact with beams that have different intensity profiles. Finally, we use full-wave numerical simulation tools to extract the actual optical forces that would be imparted on Si/SiO$_{2}$ metasurfaces consisting of more than 400 elements, and we compare those results to our analytical models. We find that under first-order approximations, there are certain metasurface designs that can propel laser-sail-type spacecraft in a stable manner.
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