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Henle, Mathias, and Woodin proved that, provided that $omegarightarrow(omega)^{omega}$ holds in a model $M$ of ZF, then forcing with $([omega]^{omega},subseteq^*)$ over $M$ adds no new sets of ordinals, thus earning the name a barren extension. Moreover, under an additional assumption, they proved that this generic extension preserves all strong partition cardinals. This forcing thus produces a model $M[mathcal{U}]$, where $mathcal{U}$ is a Ramsey ultrafilter, with many properties of the original model $M$. This begged the question of how important the Ramseyness of $mathcal{U}$ is for these results. In this paper, we show that several classes of $sigma$-closed forcings which generate non-Ramsey ultrafilters have the same properties. Such ultrafilters include Milliken-Taylor ultrafilters, a class of rapid p-points of Laflamme, $k$-arrow p-points of Baumgartner and Taylor, and extensions to a class of ultrafilters constructed by Dobrinen, Mijares and Trujillo. Furthermore, the class of Boolean algebras $mathcal{P}(omega^{alpha})/mathrm{Fin}^{otimes alpha}$, $2le alpha<omega_1$, forcing non-p-points also produce barren extensions.
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We prove a strong non-structure theorem for a class of metric structures with an unstable pair of formulae. As a consequence, we show that weak categoricity (that is, categoricity up to isomorphisms and not isometries) implies severa
Fix a countable nonstandard model $mathcal M$ of Peano Arithmetic. Even with some rather severe restrictions placed on the types of minimal cofinal extensions $mathcal N succ mathcal M$ that are allowed, we still find that there are $2^{aleph_0}$ possible theories of $(mathcal N,M)$ for such $mathcal N$s.
In this paper, we investigate connections between structures present in every generic extension of the universe $V$ and computability theory. We introduce the notion of {em generic Muchnik reducibility} that can be used to to compare the complexity of uncountable structures; we establish basic properties of this reducibility, and study it in the context of {em generic presentability}, the existence of a copy of the structure in every extension by a given forcing. We show that every forcing notion making $omega_2$ countable generically presents some countable structure with no copy in the ground model; and that every structure generically presentble by a forcing notion that does not make $omega_2$ countable has a copy in the ground model. We also show that any countable structure $mathcal{A}$ that is generically presentable by a forcing notion not collapsing $omega_1$ has a countable copy in $V$, as does any structure $mathcal{B}$ generically Muchnik reducible to a structure $mathcal{A}$ of cardinality $aleph_1$. The former positive result yields a new proof of Harringtons result that counterexamples to Vaughts conjecture have models of power $aleph_1$ with Scott rank arbitrarily high below $omega_2$. Finally, we show that a rigid structure with copies in all generic extensions by a given forcing has a copy already in the ground model.
All known structural extensions of the substructural logic $mathsf{FL_e}$, Full Lambek calculus with exchange/commutativity, (corresponding to subvarieties of commutative residuated lattices axiomatized by ${vee, cdot, 1}$-equations) have decidable theoremhood; in particular all the ones defined by knotted axioms enjoy strong decidability properties (such as the finite embeddability property). We provide infinitely many such extensions that have undecidable theoremhood, by encoding machines with undecidable halting problem. An even bigger class of extensions is shown to have undecidable deducibility problem (the corresponding varieties of residuated lattices have undecidable word problem); actually with very few exceptions, such as the knotted axioms and the other prespinal axioms, we prove that undecidability is ubiquitous. Known undecidability results for non-commutative extensions use an encoding that fails in the presence of commutativity, so and-branching counter machines are employed. Even these machines provide encodings that fail to capture proper extensions of commutativity, therefore we introduce a new variant that works on an exponential scale. The correctness of the encoding is established by employing the theory of residuated frames.
In cite{CGH15} we introduced TiRS graphs and TiRS frames to create a new natural setting for duals of canonical extensions of lattices. In this continuation of cite{CGH15} we answer Problem 2 from there by characterising the perfect lattices that are dual to TiRS frames (and hence TiRS graphs). We introduce a new subclass of perfect lattices called PTi lattices and show that the canonical extensions of lattices are PTi lattices, and so are `more than just perfect lattices. We introduce morphisms of TiRS structures and put our correspondence between TiRS graphs and TiRS frames from cite{CGH15} into a full categorical framework. We illustrate our correspondences between classes of perfects lattices and classes of TiRS graphs by examples.
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