No Arabic abstract
The restoration of spin connection clarifies the long known local Lorentz invariance problem in telelparallel gravities. It is considered now that any tetrad together with the associated spin connection can be equally utilized. Among the tetrads there is a particular one, namely proper tetrad, in which all the spurious inertial effects are removed and the spin connection vanishes. A specific tetrad was proposed in the literature for spherically symmetric cases, which has been used in regularizing the action, as well as in searching solutions in various scenarios. We show in this paper that the this tetrad is not the unique choice for the proper tetrad. We construct a new tetrad that can be considered as the proper one, and it will lead to different behaviors of the field equation and results in different solutions. With this proper tetrad, it is possible to find solutions to teleparallel gravities in the strong field regime, which may have physical applications. In the flat spacetime limit, the new tetrad coincides with the aforementioned one.
There are many logically and computationally distinct characterizations of the surface gravity of a horizon, just as there are many logically rather distinct notions of horizon. Fortunately, in standard general relativity, for stationary horizons, most of these characterizations are degenerate. However, in modified gravity, or in analogue spacetimes, horizons may be non-Killing or even non-null, and hence these degeneracies can be lifted. We present a brief overview of the key issues, specifically focusing on horizons in analogue spacetimes and universal horizons in modified gravity.
We obtain the static spherically symmetric solutions of a class of gravitational models whose additions to the General Relativity (GR) action forbid Ricci-flat, in particular, Schwarzschild geometries. These theories are selected to maintain the (first) derivative order of the Einstein equations in Schwarzschild gauge. Generically, the solutions exhibit both horizons and a singularity at the origin, except for one model that forbids spherical symmetry altogether. Extensions to arbitrary dimension with a cosmological constant, Maxwell source and Gauss-Bonnet terms are also considered.
Varying the gravitational Lagrangian produces a boundary contribution that has various physical applications. It determines the right boundary terms to be added to the action once boundary conditions are specified, and defines the symplectic structure of covariant phase space methods. We study general boundary variations using tetrads instead of the metric. This choice streamlines many calculations, especially in the case of null hypersurfaces with arbitrary coordinates, where we show that the spin-1 momentum coincides with the rotational 1-form of isolated horizons. The additional gauge symmetry of internal Lorentz transformations leaves however an imprint: the boundary variation differs from the metric one by an exact 3-form. On the one hand, this difference helps in the variational principle: gluing hypersurfaces to determine the action boundary terms for given boundary conditions is simpler, including the most general case of non-orthogonal corners. On the other hand, it affects the construction of Hamiltonian surface charges with covariant phase space methods, which end up being generically different from the metric ones, in both first and second-order formalisms. This situation is treated in the literature gauge-fixing the tetrad to be adapted to the hypersurface or introducing a fine-tuned internal Lorentz transformation depending non-linearly on the fields. We point out and explore the alternative approach of dressing the bare symplectic potential to recover the value of all metric charges, and not just for isometries. Surface charges can also be constructed using a cohomological prescription: in this case we find that the exact 3-form mismatch plays no role, and tetrad and metric charges are equal. This prescription leads however to different charges whether one uses a first-order or second-order Lagrangian, and only for isometries one recovers the same charges.
A new approach to the study of nonrelativistic bosonic string in flat space time is introduced, basing on a holistic hamiltonian analysis of the minimal action for the string. This leads to a structurally new form of the action which is, however, equivalent to the known results since, under appropriate limits, it interpolates between the minimal action (Nambu Goto type) where the string metric is taken to be that induced by the embedding and the Polyakov type of action where the world sheet metric components are independent fields. The equivalence among different actions is established by a detailed study of symmetries using constraint analysis. Various vexing issues in the existing literature are clarified. The interpolating action mooted here is shown to reveal the geometry of the string and may be useful in analyzing nonrelativistic string coupled with curved background.
In the context of extended Teleparallel gravity theories with a 3+1 dimensions Gauss-Bonnet analog term, we address the possibility of these theories reproducing several well-known cosmological solutions. In particular when applied to a Friedmann-Lema^itre-Robertson-Walker geometry in four-dimensional spacetime with standard fluids exclusively. We study different types of gravitational Lagrangians and reconstruct solutions provided by analytical expressions for either the cosmological scale factor or the Hubble parameter. We also show that it is possible to find Lagrangians of this type without a cosmological constant such that the behaviour of the LCDM model is precisely mimicked. The new Lagrangians may also lead to other phenomenological consequences opening up the possibility for new theories to compete directly with other extensions of General Relativity.