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Register a new userXSEN: a $ u$N Cross Section Measurement using High Energy Neutrinos from pp collisions at the LHC
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Added by
Gaetano Marco Dallavalle
Publication date
2019
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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XSEN (Cross Section of Energetic Neutrinos) is a small experiment designed to study, for the first time, neutrino-nucleon interactions (including the tau flavour) in the 0.5-1 TeV neutrino energy range. The detector will be installed in the decommissioned TI18 tunnel and uses nuclear emulsions. Its simplicity allows construction and installation before the LHC Run 3, 2021-2023; with 150/fb in Run3, the experiment can record up to two thousand neutrino interactions, and up to a hundred tau neutrino events. The XSEN detector intercepts the intense neutrino flux, generated by the LHC beams colliding in IP1, at large pseudo-rapidities, where neutrino energies can exceed the TeV. Since the neutrino-N interaction cross section grows almost linearly with energy, the detector can be light and still collect a considerable sample of neutrino interactions. In our proposal, the detector weighs less than 3 tons. It is lying slightly above the ideal prolongation of the LHC beam from the straight section; this configuration, off the beam axis, although very close to it, enhances the contribution of neutrinos from c and b decays, and consequently of tau neutrinos. The detector fits in the TI18 tunnel without modifications. We plan for a demonstrator experiment in 2021 with a small detector of about 0.5 tons; with 25/fb, nearly a hundred interactions of neutrinos of about 1 TeV can be recorded. The aim of this pilot run is a good in-situ characterisation of the machine-generated backgrounds, an experimental verification of the systematic uncertainties and efficiencies, and a tuning of the emulsion analysis infrastructure and efficiency. This Letter provides an overview of the experiment motivations, location, design constraints, technology choice, and operation.
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We discuss a CMS eXtension for Studying Energetic Neutrinos (CMS-XSEN). Neutrinos at the LHC are abundant and have unique features: their energies reach out to the TeV range, and the contribution of the {tau} flavour is sizeable. The measurement of their interaction cross sections has much physics potential. The pseudorapity range 4<|{eta}|<5 is of particular interest since leptonic W decays provide an additional contribution to the neutrino flux from b and c production. A modest detector of 4.1x$10^{27}$ nucleons/cm$^{2}$, placed in the LHC tunnel, 25 m from the interaction point, around the focusing magnet (Q1) closest to CMS, can cover that region. The hadronic calorimeter HF and the CMS forward shield will protect it from the debris of pp collisions. With a luminosity of 300/fb, foreseen for the LHC run in the years 2021-2023, the detector can observe over a thousand {tau} neutrino interactions, and a hundred TeV-neutrino interactions of all flavours. Several backgrounds are considered. A major source can be prompt muons from the interaction point. However, the CMS magnetic field and the structure of the Forward Shield make the estimation of their flux in the location of interest uncertain. Besides, machine induced backgrounds are expected to vary rapidly while moving along and away from the beam line. We propose to acquire experience during the 2018 LHC run by a brief test with a small Neutrino Experiment Demonstrator, based on nuclear emulsions.
The monoenergetic 236 MeV muon neutrino from charged kaon decay-at-rest ($K^+ rightarrow mu^+ u_mu$) can be used to produce a novel set of cross section measurements. Applicable for short- and long-baseline accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments, among others, such measurements would provide a standard candle for the energy reconstruction and interaction kinematics relevant for charged current neutrino events near this energy. This neutrino can also be exercised as a unique known-energy, purely weak interacting probe of the nucleus. A number of experiments are set to come online in the next few years that will be able to collect and characterize thousands of these events.
We present the first measurement of the negative pion total hadronic cross section on argon, which we performed at the Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT) experiment. All hadronic reaction channels, as well as hadronic elastic interactions with scattering angle greater than 5~degrees are included. The pions have a kinetic energies in the range 100-700~MeV and are produced by a beam of charged particles impinging on a solid target at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. LArIAT employs a 0.24~ton active mass Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) to measure the pion hadronic interactions. For this measurement, LArIAT has developed the ``thin slice method, a new technique to measure cross sections with LArTPCs. While generally higher than the prediction, our measurement of the ($pi^-$,Ar) total hadronic cross section is in agreement with the prediction of the Geant4 model when considering a model uncertainty of $sim$5.1%.
At the n_TOF experiment at CERN a dedicated single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (sCVD) Diamond Mosaic-Detector has been developed for (n,$alpha$) cross-section measurements. The detector, characterized by an excellent time and energy resolution, consists of an array of 9 sCVD diamond diodes. The detector has been characterized and a cross-section measurement has been performed for the $^{59}$Ni(n,$alpha$)$^{56}$Fe reaction in 2012. The characteristics of the detector, its performance and the promising preliminary results of the experiment are presented.
The Phase-II high luminosity upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is planned for 2023, significantly increasing the collision rate and therefore the background rate, particularly in the high $eta$ region. To improve both the tracking and triggering of muons, the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration plans to install triple-layer Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors in the CMS muon endcaps. Demonstrator GEM detectors were installed in CMS during 2017 to gain operational experience and perform a preliminary investigation of detector performance. We present the results of triple-GEM detector performance studies performed in situ during normal CMS and LHC operations in 2018. The distribution of cluster size and the efficiency to reconstruct high $p_T$ muons in proton--proton collisions are presented as well as the measurement of the environmental background rate to produce hits in the GEM detector.
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