No Arabic abstract
The physics goals the Belle II experiment require an exceptionally good alignment of all the components of the Belle II tracker. The Belle II tracker is composed of the DEPFET based pixel silicon detector, four layers of double sided silicon strip detector, a low material budget drift chamber, all three operating in a solenoidal 1.5 T B field, which is affected by the final focusing system of the accelerator. Each component of these three components must be aligned with an accuracy significantly better than the point resolution of the detector that for the PXD is order of 10 microns. The Belle II alignment software is based on the Millepede II package and uses cosmics and collision data to constrain the weak modes. The performance of the alignment algorithms was tested on the phase 2 collision data collected during spring 2018. Good alignment of the vertex detector was essential to demonstrate the nano-beam collision scheme of the accelerator and check the quality of the impact parameter resolution, which is essential for time-dependent CP violation studies at the B factory.
The MEG experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) represents the state of the art in the search for the charged Lepton Flavour Violating (cLFV) $mu^+ rightarrow e^+ gamma$ decay. With the phase 1, MEG set the new world best upper limit on the $mbox{BR}(mu^+ rightarrow e^+ gamma) < 4.2 times 10^{-13}$ (90% C.L.). With the phase 2, MEG II, the experiment aims at reaching a sensitivity enhancement of about one order of magnitude compared to the previous MEG result. The new Cylindrical Drift CHamber (CDCH) is a key detector for MEG II. CDCH is a low-mass single volume detector with high granularity: 9 layers of 192 drift cells, few mm wide, defined by $sim 12000$ wires in a stereo configuration for longitudinal hit localization. The filling gas mixture is Helium:Isobutane (90:10). The total radiation length is $1.5 times 10^{-3}$ $mbox{X}_0$, thus minimizing the Multiple Coulomb Scattering (MCS) contribution and allowing for a single-hit resolution $< 120$ $mu$m and an angular and momentum resolutions of 6 mrad and 90 keV/c respectively. This article presents the CDCH commissioning activities at PSI after the wiring phase at INFN Lecce and the assembly phase at INFN Pisa. The endcaps preparation, HV tests and conditioning of the chamber are described, aiming at reaching the final stable working point. The integration into the MEG II experimental apparatus is described, in view of the first data taking with cosmic rays and $mu^+$ beam during the 2018 and 2019 engineering runs. The first gas gain results are also shown. A full engineering run with all the upgraded detectors and the complete DAQ electronics is expected to start in 2020, followed by three years of physics data taking.
The Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB accelerator has a level 1 trigger implemented in field-programmable gate arrays. Due to the high luminosity of the beam, a trigger that effectively rejects beam induced background is required. A three dimensional tracking algorithm for the level 1 trigger that uses the Belle II central drift chamber detector response is being developed to reduce the recorded beam background while having a high efficiency for physics of interest. In this paper, we describe the three dimensional track trigger that finds and fits track parameters which we developed.
The Belle II detector at the SuperKEKB accelerator observed the first collisions in April this year. Until mid-summer, the first commissioning run uses a reduced version of the full vertex detector. Nevertheless, this phase is an excellent opportunity to improve and test the alignment and calibration procedures being prepared for the first physics runs starting in spring 2019. The procedure presented is based on Millepede II tool to solve the large minimization problem emerging in the track-based alignment and calibration of the pixel and strip detectors, the drift chamber or the muon system. The first alignment of the vertex detector was performed quickly after the first collisions and further improvements are expected with more data and with inclusion of other sub-detectors into the procedure. This contribution will show overview and status of the Millepede alignment and calibration procedure of the Belle 2 sub-detectors, after first collisions and the plans for full physics run.
The Belle detector at the KEKB electron-positron collider has collected almost 1 billion Y(4S) events in its decade of operation. Super-KEKB, an upgrade of KEKB is under construction, to increase the luminosity by two orders of magnitude during a three-year shutdown, with an ultimate goal of 8E35 /cm^2 /s luminosity. To exploit the increased luminosity, an upgrade of the Belle detector has been proposed. A new international collaboration Belle-II, is being formed. The Technical Design Report presents physics motivation, basic methods of the accelerator upgrade, as well as key improvements of the detector.
This paper describes the track-finding algorithm that is used for event reconstruction in the Belle II experiment operating at the SuperKEKB B-factory in Tsukuba, Japan. The algorithm is designed to balance the requirements of a high efficiency to find charged particles with a good track parameter resolution, a low rate of spurious tracks, and a reasonable demand on CPU resources. The software is implemented in a flexible, modular manner and employs a diverse selection of global and local track-finding algorithms to achieve an optimal performance.