No Arabic abstract
We present simple and efficient algorithms for the batched stochastic multi-armed bandit and batched stochastic linear bandit problems. We prove bounds for their expected regrets that improve over the best-known regret bounds for any number of batches. In particular, our algorithms in both settings achieve the optimal expected regrets by using only a logarithmic number of batches. We also study the batched adversarial multi-armed bandit problem for the first time and find the optimal regret, up to logarithmic factors, of any algorithm with predetermined batch sizes.
This paper analyses the problem of Gaussian process (GP) bandits with deterministic observations. The analysis uses a branch and bound algorithm that is related to the UCB algorithm of (Srinivas et al., 2010). For GPs with Gaussian observation noise, with variance strictly greater than zero, (Srinivas et al., 2010) proved that the regret vanishes at the approximate rate of $O(frac{1}{sqrt{t}})$, where t is the number of observations. To complement their result, we attack the deterministic case and attain a much faster exponential convergence rate. Under some regularity assumptions, we show that the regret decreases asymptotically according to $O(e^{-frac{tau t}{(ln t)^{d/4}}})$ with high probability. Here, d is the dimension of the search space and $tau$ is a constant that depends on the behaviour of the objective function near its global maximum.
The contextual combinatorial semi-bandit problem with linear payoff functions is a decision-making problem in which a learner chooses a set of arms with the feature vectors in each round under given constraints so as to maximize the sum of rewards of arms. Several existing algorithms have regret bounds that are optimal with respect to the number of rounds $T$. However, there is a gap of $tilde{O}(max(sqrt{d}, sqrt{k}))$ between the current best upper and lower bounds, where $d$ is the dimension of the feature vectors, $k$ is the number of the chosen arms in a round, and $tilde{O}(cdot)$ ignores the logarithmic factors. The dependence of $k$ and $d$ is of practical importance because $k$ may be larger than $T$ in real-world applications such as recommender systems. In this paper, we fill the gap by improving the upper and lower bounds. More precisely, we show that the C${}^2$UCB algorithm proposed by Qin, Chen, and Zhu (2014) has the optimal regret bound $tilde{O}(dsqrt{kT} + dk)$ for the partition matroid constraints. For general constraints, we propose an algorithm that modifies the reward estimates of arms in the C${}^2$UCB algorithm and demonstrate that it enjoys the optimal regret bound for a more general problem that can take into account other objectives simultaneously. We also show that our technique would be applicable to related problems. Numerical experiments support our theoretical results and considerations.
In many sequential decision-making problems, the individuals are split into several batches and the decision-maker is only allowed to change her policy at the end of batches. These batch problems have a large number of applications, ranging from clinical trials to crowdsourcing. Motivated by this, we study the stochastic contextual bandit problem for general reward distributions under the batched setting. We propose the BatchNeuralUCB algorithm which combines neural networks with optimism to address the exploration-exploitation tradeoff while keeping the total number of batches limited. We study BatchNeuralUCB under both fixed and adaptive batch size settings and prove that it achieves the same regret as the fully sequential version while reducing the number of policy updates considerably. We confirm our theoretical results via simulations on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
We study an online linear programming (OLP) problem under a random input model in which the columns of the constraint matrix along with the corresponding coefficients in the objective function are generated i.i.d. from an unknown distribution and revealed sequentially over time. Virtually all pre-existing online algorithms were based on learning the dual optimal solutions/prices of the linear programs (LP), and their analyses were focused on the aggregate objective value and solving the packing LP where all coefficients in the constraint matrix and objective are nonnegative. However, two major open questions were: (i) Does the set of LP optimal dual prices learned in the pre-existing algorithms converge to those of the offline LP, and (ii) Could the results be extended to general LP problems where the coefficients can be either positive or negative. We resolve these two questions by establishing convergence results for the dual prices under moderate regularity conditions for general LP problems. Specifically, we identify an equivalent form of the dual problem which relates the dual LP with a sample average approximation to a stochastic program. Furthermore, we propose a new type of OLP algorithm, Action-History-Dependent Learning Algorithm, which improves the previous algorithm performances by taking into account the past input data as well as decisions/actions already made. We derive an $O(log n log log n)$ regret bound (under a locally strong convexity and smoothness condition) for the proposed algorithm, against the $O(sqrt{n})$ bound for typical dual-price learning algorithms, where $n$ is the number of decision variables. Numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the action-history-dependent design.
This paper analyzes the problem of Gaussian process (GP) bandits with deterministic observations. The analysis uses a branch and bound algorithm that is related to the UCB algorithm of (Srinivas et al, 2010). For GPs with Gaussian observation noise, with variance strictly greater than zero, Srinivas et al proved that the regret vanishes at the approximate rate of $O(1/sqrt{t})$, where t is the number of observations. To complement their result, we attack the deterministic case and attain a much faster exponential convergence rate. Under some regularity assumptions, we show that the regret decreases asymptotically according to $O(e^{-frac{tau t}{(ln t)^{d/4}}})$ with high probability. Here, d is the dimension of the search space and tau is a constant that depends on the behaviour of the objective function near its global maximum.