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Register a new userTwo-Dimensional Optomechanical Crystal Cavity with High Quantum Cooperativity
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Optomechanical systems offer new opportunities in quantum information processing and quantum sensing. Many solid-state quantum devices operate at millikelvin temperatures -- however, it has proven challenging to operate nanoscale optomechanical devices at these ultralow temperatures due to their limited thermal conductance and parasitic optical absorption. Here, we demonstrate a two-dimensional optomechanical crystal resonator capable of achieving large cooperativity $C$ and small effective bath occupancy $n_b$, resulting in a quantum cooperativity $C_{text{eff}}equiv C/n_b approx 1.3 > 1$ under continuous-wave optical driving. This is realized using a two-dimensional phononic bandgap structure to host the optomechanical cavity, simultaneously isolating the acoustic mode of interest in the bandgap while allowing heat to be removed by phonon modes outside of the bandgap. This achievement paves the way for a variety of applications requiring quantum-coherent optomechanical interactions, such as transducers capable of bi-directional conversion of quantum states between microwave frequency superconducting quantum circuits and optical photons in a fiber optic network.
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In cavity optomechanics, light is used to control mechanical motion. A central goal of the field is achieving single-photon strong coupling, which would enable the creation of quantum superposition states of motion. Reaching this limit requires significant improvements in optomechanical coupling and cavity coherence. Here we introduce an optomechanical architecture consisting of a silicon nitride membrane coupled to a three-dimensional superconducting microwave cavity. Exploiting their large quality factors, we achieve an optomechanical cooperativity of 146,000 and perform sideband cooling of the kilohertz-frequency membrane motion to 34$pm$5 $mu$K, the lowest mechanical mode temperature reported to date. The achieved cooling is limited only by classical noise of the signal generator, and should extend deep into the ground state with superconducting filters. Our results suggest that this realization of optomechanics has the potential to reach the regimes of ultra-large cooperativity and single-photon strong coupling, opening up a new generation of experiments.
Cavity optomechanics offers powerful methods for controlling optical fields and mechanical motion. A number of proposals have predicted that this control can be extended considerably in devices where multiple cavity modes couple to each other via the motion of a single mechanical oscillator. Here we study the dynamical properties of such a multimode optomechanical device, in which the coupling between cavity modes results from mechanically-induced avoided crossings in the cavitys spectrum. Near the avoided crossings we find that the optical spring shows distinct features that arise from the interaction between cavity modes. Precisely at an avoided crossing, we show that the particular form of the optical spring provides a classical analog of a quantum-nondemolition measurement of the intracavity photon number. The mechanical oscillators Brownian motion, an important source of noise in these measurements, is minimized by operating the device at cryogenic temperature (500 mK).
At low temperatures, microwave cavities are often preferred for the readout and control of a variety of systems. In this paper, we present design and measurements on an optomechanical device based on a 3-dimensional rectangular waveguide cavity. We show that by suitably modifying the electromagnetic field corresponding to the fundamental mode of the cavity, the equivalent circuit capacitance can be reduced to 29 fF. By coupling a mechanical resonator to the modified electromagnetic mode of the cavity, we achieved a capacitance participation ratio of 43 $%$. We demonstrate an optomechanical cooperativity, $C$$sim$40, characterized by performing measurements in the optomechanically-induced absorption (OMIA) limit. In addition, due to a low-impedance environment between the two-halves of the cavity, our design has the flexibility of incorporating a DC bias across the mechanical resonator, often a desired feature in tunable optomechanical devices.
We theoretically study the dynamical Casimir effect (DCE), i.e., parametric amplification of a quantum vacuum, in an optomechanical cavity interacting with a photonic crystal, which is considered to be an ideal system to study the microscopic dissipation effect on the DCE. Starting from a total Hamiltonian including the photonic band system as well as the optomechanical cavity, we have derived an effective Floquet-Liouvillian by applying the Floquet method and Brillouin-Wigner-Feshbach projection method. The microscopic dissipation effect is rigorously taken into account in terms of the energy-dependent self-energy. The obtained effective Floquet-Liouvillian exhibits the two competing instabilities, i.e., parametric and resonance instabilities, which determine the stationary mode as a result of the balance between them in the dissipative DCE. Solving the complex eigenvalue problem of the Floquet-Liouvillian, we have determined the stationary mode with vanishing values of the imaginary parts of the eigenvalues. We find a new non-local multimode DCE represented by a multimode Bogoliubov transformation of the cavity mode and the photon band. We show the practical advantage for the observation of DCE in that we can largely reduce the pump frequency when the cavity system is embedded in a narrow band photonic crystal with a bandgap.
The development of solid-state photonic quantum technologies is of great interest for fundamental studies of light-matter interactions and quantum information science. Diamond has turned out to be an attractive material for integrated quantum information processing due to the extraordinary properties of its colour centres enabling e.g. bright single photon emission and spin quantum bits. To control emitted photons and to interconnect distant quantum bits, micro-cavities directly fabricated in the diamond material are desired. However, the production of photonic devices in high-quality diamond has been a challenge so far. Here we present a method to fabricate one- and two-dimensional photonic crystal micro-cavities in single-crystal diamond, yielding quality factors up to 700. Using a post-processing etching technique, we tune the cavity modes into resonance with the zero phonon line of an ensemble of silicon-vacancy centres and measure an intensity enhancement by a factor of 2.8. The controlled coupling to small mode volume photonic crystal cavities paves the way to larger scale photonic quantum devices based on single-crystal diamond.
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