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Register a new userParticle production and flow-like effects in small systems
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Particle production in small systems (pp and p-Pb collisions) has unveiled unexpected collective-like behavior. In this work an overview of the current investigation on the similarities between small systems and heavy-ion collisions is presented. Recent results from the experiments at the LHC are discussed. They include measurements of multi-particle correlations, as well as, identified particle production as a function of charged-particle multiplicity density, and more recently, as a function of transverse spherocity.
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In these proceedings, measurements of angular correlations between hadron pairs in pp collisions obtained by the ALICE experiment at the LHC are presented and compared with phenomenological predictions. Correlations between particles carrying the same and opposite quantum numbers are studied to understand the hadron production mechanism, and the difference between same-sign and opposite-sign correlations is used to probe charge-dependent effects in particle production. Correlation measurements dominated by minijet fragmentation agree well with the models, but other results, in particular correlations between baryons and strange hadrons, are not yet understood.
Results for high multiplicity pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC have revealed that these small collision systems exhibit features of collectivity. To understand the origin of these unexpected phenomena, the relative transverse activity classifier ($R_{rm{T}}$) can be exploited as a tool to disentangle soft and hard particle production, by studying the yield of charged particles in different topological regions associated with transverse momentum trigger particles. This allows to study system size dependence of charged particle production of different origins and in particular search for jet-quenching effects. Here, results on the system size and $R_{rm{T}}$ dependence of charged particle production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at $sqrt{s_{rm NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV are presented.
The Main Injector Particle Production (MIPP) experiment is a fixed target hadron production experiment at Fermilab. It measures particle production in interactions of 120 GeV/c primary protons from the Main Injector and secondary beams of $pi^{pm}, rm{K}^{pm}$, p and $bar{rm{p}}$ from 5 to 90 GeV/c on nuclear targets which include H, Be, C, Bi and U, and a dedicated run with the NuMI target. MIPP is a high acceptance spectrometer which provides excellent charged particle identification using Time Projection Chamber (TPC), Time of Flight (ToF), multicell Cherenkov (CKOV), Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors, and Calorimeter for neutrons. We present inelastic cross section measurements for 58 and 85 GeV/c p-H interactions, and 58 and 120 GeV/c p-C interactions. A new method is described to account for the low multiplicity inefficiencies in the interaction trigger using KNO scaling. Inelastic cross sections as a function of multiplicity are also presented. The MIPP data are compared with the Monte Carlo predictions and previous measurements. We also describe an algorithm to identify charged particles ($pi^{pm}/rm{p}/bar{rm{p}}$ etc.), and present the charged pion and kaon spectra from the interactions of 120 GeV/c protons with carbon target.
Proton-proton (pp) collisions have been used extensively as a reference for the study of interactions of larger colliding systems at the LHC. Recent measurements performed in high-multiplicity pp and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions have shown features that are reminiscent of those observed in lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions. In this context, the study of identified particle spectra and yields as a function of multiplicity is a key tool for the understanding of similarities and differences between small and large systems. We report on the production of pions, kaons, protons, $K^{0}_{rm S}$, $Lambda$, $Xi$, $Omega$ and $K^{*0}$ as a function of multiplicity in pp collisions at $sqrt{s}=$ 7 TeV measured with the ALICE experiment. The work presented here represents the most comprehensive set of results on identified particle production in pp collisions at the LHC. Spectral shapes, studied both for individual particles and via particle ratios as a function of $p_{rm T}$, exhibit an evolution with charged particle multiplicity that is similar to the one observed in larger systems. In addition, results on the production of light flavour hadrons in pp collisions at $sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV, the highest centre-of-mass energy ever reached in the laboratory, are also presented and compared with previous, lower energy results.
We analyse the charged${text -}$particle multiplicity distributions measured by the ALICE experiment, over a wide pseudorapidity range, for $pp$ collisions at $sqrt{s}$=8,,7,and, 2.76~TeV at the LHC.~The analysis offers an understanding of particle production in high energy collisions in the purview of a new distribution, the shifted Gompertz distribution.~Data are compared with the distribution and moments of the distributions are calculated.~A modified version of the distribution is also proposed and used to improve the description of the data consisting of two different event classes; the inelastic and the non${text -}$single${text -}$diffractive and their subsets in different windows of pseudorapidity, $eta$.~The distribution used to analyse the data has a wide range of applicability to processes in different fields and complements the analysis done by the ALICE collaboration in terms of various LHC event generators and IP-Glasma calculations.
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