We introduce a dynamical-systems approach for the study of the Sard problem in sub-Riemannian Carnot groups. We show that singular curves can be obtained by concatenating trajectories of suitable dynamical systems. As an applications, we positively answer the Sard problem in some classes of Carnot groups.
Stratified groups are those simply connected Lie groups whose Lie algebras admit a derivation for which the eigenspace with eigenvalue 1 is Lie generating. When a stratified group is equipped with a left-invariant path distance that is homogeneous with respect to the automorphisms induced by the derivation, this metric space is known as Carnot group. Carnot groups appear in several mathematical contexts. To understand their algebraic structure, it is useful to study some examples explicitly. In this work, we provide a list of low-dimensional stratified groups, express their Lie product, and present a basis of left-invariant vector fields, together with their respective left-invariant 1-forms, a basis of right-invariant vector fields, and some other properties. We exhibit all stratified groups in dimension up to 7 and also study some free-nilpotent groups in dimension up to 14.
The Milnor Problem (modified) in the theory of group growth asks whether any finite presented group of vanishing algebraic entropy has at most polynomial growth. We show that a positive answer to the Milnor Problem (modified) is equivalent to the Nilpotency Conjecture in Riemannian geometry: given $n, d>0$, there exists a constant $epsilon(n,d)>0$ such that if a compact Riemannian $n$-manifold $M$ satisfies that Ricci curvature $op{Ric}_Mge -(n-1)$, diameter $dge op{diam}(M)$ and volume entropy $h(M)<epsilon(n,d)$, then the fundamental group $pi_1(M)$ is virtually nilpotent. We will verify the Nilpotency Conjecture in some cases, and we will verify the vanishing gap phenomena for more cases i.e., if $h(M)<epsilon(n,d)$, then $h(M)=0$.
We analyze subsets of Carnot groups that have intrinsic constant normal, as they appear in the blowup study of sets that have finite sub-Riemannian perimeter. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, we prove some mild regularity and structural results in arbitrary Carnot groups. Namely, we show that for every constant-normal set in a Carnot group its sub-Riemannian-Lebesgue representative is regularly open, contractible, and its topological boundary coincides with the reduced boundary and with the measure-theoretic boundary. We infer these properties from a cone property. Such a cone will be a semisubgroup with nonempty interior that is canonically associated with the normal direction. We characterize the constant-normal sets exactly as those that are arbitrary unions of translations of such semisubgroups. Second, making use of such a characterization, we provide some pathological examples in the specific case of the free-Carnot group of step 3 and rank 2. Namely, we construct a constant normal set that, with respect to any Riemannian metric, is not of locally finite perimeter; we also construct an example with non-unique intrinsic blowup at some point, showing that it has different upper and lower sub-Riemannian density at the origin. Third, we show that in Carnot groups of step 4 or less, every constant-normal set is intrinsically rectifiable, in the sense of Franchi, Serapioni, and Serra Cassano.
We consider the natural generalization of the parabolic Monge-Amp`ere equation to HKT geometry. We prove that in the compact case the equation has always a short-time solution and when the hypercomplex manifold is locally flat and admits a hyperkahler metric, then the equation has a long-time solution whose normalization converges to a solution of the quaternionic Monge-Amp`ere equation introduced by Alesker and Verbitsky. The result gives an alternative proof of a theorem of Alesker.
We consider mappings $f:Gsupset Urightarrow G$ where $G$ and $G$ are Carnot groups and U is an open subset. We prove a number of new structural results for Sobolev (in particular quasisymmetric) mappings, establishing (partial) rigidity or (partial) regularity theorems, depending on the context. In particular, we prove the quasisymmetric rigidity conjecture for Carnot groups which are not rigid in the sense of Ottazzi-Warhurst.