No Arabic abstract
We study the periodic orbits problem on energy levels of Tonelli Lagrangian systems over configuration spaces of arbitrary dimension. We show that, when the fundamental group is finite and the Lagrangian has no stationary orbit at the Ma~ne critical energy level, there is a waist on every energy level just above the Ma~ne critical value. With a suitable perturbation with a potential, we show that there are infinitely many periodic orbits on every energy level just above the Ma~ne critical value, and on almost every energy level just below. Finally, we prove the Tonelli analogue of a closed geodesics result due to Ballmann-Thorbergsson-Ziller.
We extend the definition of the pentagram map from 2D to higher dimensions and describe its integrability properties for both closed and twisted polygons by presenting its Lax form. The corresponding continuous limit of the pentagram map in dimension $d$ is shown to be the $(2,d+1)$-flow of the KdV hierarchy, generalizing the Boussinesq equation in 2D.
We define higher pentagram maps on polygons in $P^d$ for any dimension $d$, which extend R.Schwartzs definition of the 2D pentagram map. We prove their integrability by presenting Lax representations with a spectral parameter for scale invariant maps. The corresponding continuous limit of the pentagram map in dimension $d$ is shown to be the $(2,d+1)$-equation of the KdV hierarchy, generalizing the Boussinesq equation in 2D. We also study in detail the 3D case, where we prove integrability for both closed and twisted polygons and describe the spectral curve, first integrals, the corresponding tori and the motion along them, as well as an invariant symplectic structure.
In this article we provide a classification of the projective transformations in $PSL(n+1,Bbb{C})$ considered as automorphisms of the complex projective space $Bbb{P}^n$. Our classification is an interplay between algebra and dynamics, which just as in the case of isometries of CAT(0)-spaces, can be given by means of tree three types, namely: elliptic, parabolic and loxodromic. We carefully describe the dynamic in each case, more precisely we determine the corresponding Kulkarnis limit set, the equicontinuity region, the discontinuity region and in some cases we provide families of maximal regions where the respective cyclic group acts properly discontinuously. Also we provide, in each case, some equivalents ways to classify the projective transformations.
In this article we show that Bers simultaneous uniformization as well as the Koebes retrosection theorem are not longer true for discrete groups of projective transformations acting on the complex projective space.
The counting and (upper) mass dimensions are notions of dimension for subsets of $mathbb{Z}^d$. We develop their basic properties and give a characterization of the counting dimension via coverings. In addition, we prove Marstrand-type results for both dimensions. For example, if $A subseteq mathbb{R}^d$ has counting dimension $D(A)$, then for almost every orthogonal projection with range of dimension $k$, the counting dimension of the image of $A$ is at least $min big(k,D(A)big)$. As an application, for subsets $A_1, ldots, A_d$ of $mathbb{R}$, we are able to give bounds on the counting and mass dimensions of the sumset $c_1 A_1 + cdots + c_d A_d$ for Lebesgue-almost every $c in mathbb{R}^d$. This work extends recent work of Y. Lima and C. G. Moreira.