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Future galaxy clustering surveys will probe small scales where non-linearities become important. Since the number of modes accessible on intermediate to small scales is very high, having a precise model at these scales is important especially in the context of discriminating alternative cosmological models from the standard one. In the mildly non-linear regime, such models typically differ from each other, and galaxy clustering data will become very precise on these scales in the near future. As the observable quantity is the angular power spectrum in redshift space, it is important to study the effects of non-linear density and redshift space distortion (RSD) in the angular power spectrum. We compute non-linear contributions to the angular power spectrum using a flat-sky approximation that we introduce in this work, and compare the results of different perturbative approaches with $N$-body simulations. We find that the TNS perturbative approach is significantly closer to the $N$-body result than Eulerian or Lagrangian 1-loop approximations, effective field theory of large scale structure or a halofit-inspired model. However, none of these prescriptions is accurate enough to model the angular power spectrum well into the non-linear regime. In addition, for narrow redshift bins, $Delta z lesssim 0.01$, the angular power spectrum acquires non-linear contributions on all scales, right down to $ell=2$, and is hence not a reliable tool at this time. To overcome this problem, we need to model non-linear RSD terms, for example as TNS does, but for a matter power spectrum that remains reasonably accurate well into the deeply non-linear regime, such as halofit.
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An interaction between dark matter and dark energy, proportional to the product of their energy densities, results in a scaling behavior of the ratio of these densities with respect to the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker metric. This gives rise to a class of cosmological models which deviate from the standard model in an analytically tractable way. In particular, it becomes possible to quantify the role of potential dark-energy perturbations. We investigate the impact of this interaction on the structure formation process. Using the (modified) CAMB code we obtain the CMB spectrum as well as the linear matter power spectrum. It is shown that the strong degeneracy in the parameter space present in the background analysis is considerably reduced by considering textit{Planck} data. Our analysis is compatible with the $Lambda$CDM model at the $2sigma$ confidence level with a slightly preferred direction of the energy flow from dark matter to dark energy.
We study the power spectrum dipole of an N-body simulation which includes relativistic effects through ray-tracing and covers the low redshift Universe up to $z_{rm max} = 0.465$ (RayGalGroup simulation). We model relativistic corrections as well as wide-angle, evolution, window and lightcone effects. Our model includes all relativistic corrections up to third-order including third-order bias expansion. We consider all terms which depend linearly on $mathcal{H}/k$ (weak field approximation). We also study the impact of 1-loop corrections to the matter power spectrum for the gravitational redshift and transverse Doppler effect. We found wide-angle and window function effects to significantly contribute to the dipole signal. When accounting for all contributions, our dipole model can accurately capture the gravitational redshift and Doppler terms up to the smallest scales included in our comparison ($k=0.48,h{rm Mpc}^{-1}$), while our model for the transverse Doppler term is less accurate. We find the Doppler term to be the dominant signal for this low redshift sample. We use Fisher matrix forecasts to study the potential for the future Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to detect relativistic contributions to the power spectrum dipole. A conservative estimate suggests that the DESI-BGS sample should be able to have a detection of at least $4.4sigma$, while more optimistic estimates find detections of up to $10sigma$. Detecting these effects in the galaxy distribution allows new tests of gravity on the largest scales, providing an interesting additional science case for galaxy survey experiments.
Quasars provide our farthest-reaching view of the Universe. The Sloan Survey now contains over 100,000 quasar candidates. A careful look at the angular distribution of quasar spectra shows a surprising bullseye pattern on the sky toward (RA, Dec) ~ (190{deg}, 0{deg}) for all wavelengths from UV through infrared. The angular distribution of the shift in the UV suggests a large peculiar velocity vp toward that direction. However, the size of the shift would indicate a vp ~0.2 c, which is two orders of magnitude larger than measures of our peculiar velocity from nearby galaxies and cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements. The angular pattern and size of the shift is very similar for all wavelengths, which is inconsistent with a Doppler shift. The shift is also too large to explain as a systematic error in the quasar magnitudes. The anomaly appears to be a very large hotspot in the Universe. Its direction is close to that of the reported anomalies in the CMB, the so-called axis of evil. The angular pattern of the shift and its redshift dependence are consistent with the existence of an expanding bubble universe in that direction, which could also explain the CMB anomalies.
We compute the one-loop density power spectrum including Newtonian and relativistic contributions, as well as the primordial non-Gaussianity contributions from $f_{rm NL}$ and $g_{rm NL}$ in the local configuration. To this end we take solutions to the Einstein equations in the long-wavelength approximation and provide expressions for the matter density perturbation at second and third order. These solutions have shown to be complementary to the usual Newtonian cosmological perturbations. We confirm a sub-dominant effect from pure relativistic terms, manifested at scales dominated by cosmic variance, but find that a sizable effect of order one comes from $g_{rm NL}$ values allowed by Planck-2018 constraints, manifested at scales probed by forthcoming galaxy surveys like DESI and Euclid. As a complement, we present the matter bispectrum at the tree-level including the mentioned contributions.
We present a new analytical method to calculate the small angle CMB temperature angular power spectrum due to cosmic (super-)string segments. In particular, using our method, we clarify the dependence on the intercommuting probability $P$. We find that the power spectrum is dominated by Poisson-distributed string segments. The power spectrum for a general value of $P$ has a plateau on large angular scales and shows a power-law decrease on small angular scales. The resulting spectrum in the case of conventional cosmic strings is in very good agreement with the numerical result obtained by Fraisse et al.. Then we estimate the upper bound on the dimensionless tension of the string for various values of $P$ by assuming that the fraction of the CMB power spectrum due to cosmic (super-)strings is less than ten percents at various angular scales up to $ell=2000$. We find that the amplitude of the spectrum increases as the intercommuting probability. As a consequence, strings with smaller intercommuting probabilities are found to be more tightly constrained.
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