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Eigenvalues for the Minors of Wigner Matrices

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 Added by Jiaoyang Huang
 Publication date 2019
  fields
and research's language is English




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The eigenvalues for the minors of real symmetric ($beta=1$) and complex Hermitian ($beta=2$) Wigner matrices form the Wigner corner process, which is a multilevel interlacing particle system. In this paper, we study the microscopic scaling limit of the Wigner corner process both near the spectral edge and in the bulk, and prove they are universal. We show: (i) Near the spectral edge, the corner process exhibit a decoupling phenomenon, as first observed in [24]. Individual extreme particles have Tracy-Widom$_{beta}$ distribution; the spacings between the extremal particles on adjacent levels converge to independent Gamma distributions in a much smaller scale. (ii) In the bulk, the microscopic scaling limit of the Wigner corner process is given by the bead process for general Sine$_beta$ process, as constructed recently in [34].



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This paper proves universality of the distribution of the smallest and largest gaps between eigenvalues of generalized Wigner matrices, under some smoothness assumption for the density of the entries. The proof relies on the Erd{H o}s-Schlein-Yau dynamic approach. We exhibit a new observable that satisfies a stochastic advection equation and reduces local relaxation of the Dyson Brownian motion to a maximum principle. This observable also provides a simple and unified proof of universality in the bulk and at the edge, which is quantitative. To illustrate this, we give the first explicit rate of convergence to the Tracy-Widom distribution for generalized Wigner matrices.
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