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Register a new userMetric Thickenings, Borsuk-Ulam Theorems, and Orbitopes
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Thickenings of a metric space capture local geometric properties of the space. Here we exhibit applications of lower bounding the topology of thickenings of the circle and more generally the sphere. We explain interconnections with the geometry of circle actions on Euclidean space, the structure of zeros of trigonometric polynomials, and theorems of Borsuk-Ulam type. We use the combinatorial and geometric structure of the convex hull of orbits of circle actions on Euclidean space to give geometric proofs of the homotopy type of metric thickenings of the circle. Homotopical connectivity bounds of thickenings of the sphere allow us to prove that a weighted average of function values of odd maps $S^n to mathbb{R}^{n+2}$ on a small diameter set is zero. We prove an additional generalization of the Borsuk-Ulam theorem for odd maps $S^{2n-1} to mathbb{R}^{2kn+2n-1}$. We prove such results for odd maps from the circle to any Euclidean space with optimal quantitative bounds. This in turn implies that any raked homogeneous trigonometric polynomial has a zero on a subset of the circle of a specific diameter; these results are optimal.
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Many simplicial complexes arising in practice have an associated metric space structure on the vertex set but not on the complex, e.g. the Vietoris-Rips complex in applied topology. We formalize a remedy by introducing a category of simplicial metric thickenings whose objects have a natural realization as metric spaces. The properties of this category allow us to prove that, for a large class of thickenings including Vietoris-Rips and Cech thickenings, the product of metric thickenings is homotopy equivalent to the metric thickenings of product spaces, and similarly for wedge sums.
We give a different and possibly more accessible proof of a general Borsuk--Ulam theorem for a product of spheres, originally due to Ramos. That is, we show the non-existence of certain $(mathbb{Z}/2)^k$-equivariant maps from a product of $k$ spheres to the unit sphere in a real $(mathbb{Z}/2)^k$-representation of the same dimension. Our proof method allows us to derive Borsuk--Ulam theorems for certain equivariant maps from Stiefel manifolds, from the corresponding results about products of spheres, leading to alternative proofs and extensions of some results of Fadell and Husseini.
We investigate the classical Alexandroff-Borsuk problem in the category of non-triangulable manifolds: Given an $n$-dimensional compact non-triangulable manifold $M^n$ and $varepsilon > 0$, does there exist an $varepsilon$-map of $M^n$ onto an $n$-dimensional finite polyhedron which induces a homotopy equivalence?
Let $M$ be a topological space that admits a free involution $tau$, and let $N$ be a topological space. A homotopy class $beta in [ M,N ]$ is said to have {it the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to $tau$} if for every representative map $f: M to N$ of $beta$, there exists a point $x in M$ such that $f(tau(x))= f(x)$. In this paper, we determine the homotopy classes of maps from the $2$-torus $T^2$ to the Klein bottle $K^2$ that possess the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to a free involution $tau_1$ of $T^2$ for which the orbit space is $T^2$. Our results are given in terms of a certain family of homomorphisms involving the fundamental groups of $T^2$ and $K^2$.
Let $M$ be a topological space that admits a free involution $tau$, and let $N$ be a topological space. A homotopy class $beta in [ M,N ]$ is said to have the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to $tau$ if for every representative map $f: M to N$ of $beta$, there exists a point $x in M$ such that $f(tau(x))= f(x)$. In this paper, we determine the homotopy class of maps from the $2$-torus $T^2$ to the Klein bottle $K^2$ that possess the Borsuk-Ulam property with respect to any free involution of $T^2$ for which the orbit space is $K^2$. Our results are given in terms of a certain family of homomorphisms involving the fundamental groups of $T^2$ and $K^2$. This completes the analysis of the Borsuk-Ulam problem for the case $M=T^2$ and $N=K^2$, and for any free involution $tau$ of $T^2$.
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