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Register a new userCharacterization of the soft X-ray spectrometer PEAXIS at BESSY II
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The performance of the recently commissioned spectrometer PEAXIS for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering (RIXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its hosting beamline U41-PEAXIS at the BESSY II synchrotron are characterized. The beamline provides linearly polarized light from 180 eV - 1600 eV allowing for RIXS measurements in the range of 200 eV - 1200 eV. The monochromator optics can be operated in different configurations for the benefit of either high flux, providing up to $10^{12}$ photons/s within the focal spot at the sample, or high energy resolution with a full width at half maximum of <40meV at an incident photon energy of ~400 eV. This measured total energy resolution of the RIXS spectrometer is in very good agreement with the theoretically predicted values by ray-tracing simulations. PEAXIS features a 5 m long RIXS spectrometer arm that can be continuously rotated about the sample position by 106{deg} within the horizontal photon scattering plane, thus enabling the study of momentum-transfer-dependent excitations. To demonstrate the instrument capabilities, d-d excitations and magnetic excitations have been measured on single-crystalline NiO. Measurements employing a fluid cell demonstrate the vibrational Progression in liquid acetone. Planned upgrades of the beamline and the RIXS spectrometer that will further increase the energy resolution by 20 - 30% to ~100meV at 1000 eV incident photon energy are discussed.
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We report on the development of a high-resolution and highly efficient beamline for soft-X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) located at Taiwan Photon Source. This beamline adopts an optical design that uses an active grating monochromator (AGM) and an active grating spectrometer (AGS) to implement the energy compensation principle of grating dispersion. Active gratings are utilized to diminish defocus, coma and higher-order aberrations as well as to decrease the slope errors caused by thermal deformation and optical polishing. The AGS is mounted on a rotatable granite platform to enable momentum-resolved RIXS measurements with scattering angle over a wide range. Several high-precision instruments developed in house for this beamline are briefly described. The best energy resolution obtained from this AGM-AGS beamline was 12.4 meV at 530 eV, achieving a resolving power 42,000, while the bandwidth of the incident soft X-rays was kept at 0.5 eV. To demonstrate the scientific impacts of high-resolution RIXS, we present an example of momentum-resolved RIXS measurements on a high-temperature superconducting cuprate, La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$. The measurements reveal the A$_{1g}$ apical oxygen phonons in superconducting cuprates, opening a new opportunity to investigate the coupling between these phonons and charge density waves.
Resonant elastic X-ray scattering has been widely employed for exploring complex electronic ordering phenomena, like charge, spin, and orbital order, in particular in strongly correlated electronic systems. In addition, recent developments of pump-probe X-ray scattering allow us to expand the investigation of the temporal dynamics of such orders. Here, we introduce a new time-resolved Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering (tr-RSXS) endstation developed at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). This endstation has an optical laser (wavelength of 800 nm plus harmonics) as the pump source. Based on the commissioning results, the tr-RSXS at PAL-XFEL can deliver a soft X-ray probe (400-1300 eV) with a time resolution about ~100 fs without jitter correction. As an example, the temporal dynamics of a charge density wave on a high-temperature cuprate superconductor is demonstrated.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) has become an important and powerful tool because it allows the study of material properties in combination with elemental specificity, chemical state specificity, and magnetic specificity. A new soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism apparatus has been developed at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF). The apparatus combines three experimental conditions: ultra-high-vacuum environment, moderate magnetic fields and in-situ sample preparation to measure the absorption signal. We designed a C type dipole electromagnet that provides magnetic fields up to 0.5T in parallel (or anti-parallel) direction relative to the incoming X-ray beam. The performances of the electromagnet are measured and the results show good agreement with the simulation ones. Following film grown in situ by evaporation methods, XMCD measurements are performed. Combined polarization corrections, the magnetic moments of the Fe and Co films determined by sum rules are consistent with other theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.
The upgrade of the cold neutron triple-axis spectrometer FLEXX is described. We discuss the characterisation of the gains from the new primary spectrometer, including a larger guide and double focussing monochromator, and present measurements of the energy and momentum resolution and of the neutron flux of the instrument. We found an order of magnitude gain in intensity (at the cost of coarser momentum resolution), and that the incoherent elastic energy widths are measurably narrower than before the upgrade. The much improved count rate should allow the use of smaller single crystals samples and thus enable the upgraded FLEXX spectrometer to continue making leading edge measurements.
The cold-neutron three-axis spectrometer MIRA is an instrument optimized for low-energy excitations. Its excellent intrinsic $Q$-resolution makes it ideal for studying incommensurate magnetic systems (elastic and inelastic). MIRA is at the forefront of using advanced neutron focusing optics such as elliptic guides, which enable the investigation of small samples under extreme conditions. Another advantage of MIRA is the modular assembly allowing for instrumental adaption to the needs of the experiment within a few hours. The development of new methods such as the spin-echo technique MIEZE is another important application at MIRA. Scientific topics include the investigation of complex inter-metallic alloys and spectroscopy on incommensurate magnetic structures.
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