No Arabic abstract
In this paper, we perform a more general analysis on the discrete effects of some boundary schemes of the popular one- to three-dimensional DnQq multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model for convection-diffusion equation (CDE). Investigated boundary schemes include anti-bounce-back(ABB) boundary scheme, bounce-back(BB) boundary scheme and non-equilibrium extrapolation(NEE) boundary scheme. In the analysis, we adopt a transform matrix $textbf{M}$ constructed by natural moments in the evolution equation, and the result of ABB boundary scheme is consistent with the existing work of orthogonal matrix $textbf{M}$. We also find that the discrete effect does not rely on the choice of transform matrix, and obtain a relation to determine some of the relaxation-time parameters which can be used to eliminate the numerical slip completely under some assumptions. In this relation, the weight coefficient is considered as an adjustable parameter which makes the parameter adjustment more flexible. The relaxation factors associated with second moments can be used to eliminate the numerical slip of ABB boundary scheme and BB boundary scheme while the numerical slip can not be eliminated of NEE boundary scheme. Furthermore, we extend the relations to complex-valued CDE, several numerical examples are used to test the relations.
The discrete effect on the boundary condition has been a fundamental topic for the lattice Boltzmann method in simulating heat and mass transfer problems. In previous works based on the halfway anti-bounce-back (ABB) boundary condition for convection-diffusion equations (CDEs), it is reported that the discrete effect cannot be commonly removed in the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model except for a special value of relaxation time. Targeting this point in the present paper, we still proceed within the framework of BGK model for two-dimensional CDEs, and analyze the discrete effect on a non-halfway ABB boundary condition which incorporates the effect of the distance ratio. By analyzing an unidirectional diffusion problem with a parabolic distribution, the theoretical derivations with three different discrete velocity models show that the numerical slip is a combined function of the relaxation time and the distance ratio. Different from previous works, we definitely find that the relaxation time can be freely adjusted by the distance ratio in a proper range to eliminate the numerical slip. Some numerical simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical derivations, and the numerical results for the cases of straight and curved boundaries confirm our theoretical analysis. Finally, it should be noted that the present analysis can be extended from the BGK model to other lattice Boltzmann (LB) collision models for CDEs, which can broaden the parameter range of the relaxation time to approach 0.5.
In this paper, a multiple-distribution-function lattice Boltzmann method (MDF-LBM) with multiple-relaxation-time model is proposed for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSEs) which are considered as the coupled convection-diffusion equations (CDEs). Through direct Taylor expansion analysis, we show that the Navier-Stokes equations can be recovered correctly from the present MDF-LBM, and additionally, it is also found that the velocity and pressure can be directly computed through the zero and first-order moments of distribution function. Then in the framework of present MDF-LBM, we develop a locally computational scheme for the velocity gradient where the first-order moment of the non-equilibrium distribution is used, this scheme is also extended to calculate the velocity divergence, strain rate tensor, shear stress and vorticity. Finally, we also conduct some simulations to test the MDF-LBM, and find that the numerical results not only agree with some available analytical and numerical solutions, but also have a second-order convergence rate in space.
We present an energy-conserving multiple-relaxation-time finite difference lattice Boltzmann model for compressible flows. This model is based on a 16-discrete-velocity model. The collision step is first calculated in the moment space and then mapped back to the velocity space. The moment space and corresponding transformation matrix are constructed according to the group representation theory. Equilibria of the nonconserved moments are chosen according to the need of recovering compressible Navier-Stokes equations through the Chapman-Enskog expansion. Numerical experiments showed that compressible flows with strong shocks can be well simulated by the present model. The used benchmark tests include (i) shock tubes, such as the Sod, Lax, Sjogreen, Colella explosion wave and collision of two strong shocks, (ii) regular and Mach shock reflections, and (iii) shock wave reaction on cylindrical bubble problems. The new model works for both low and high speeds compressible flows. It contains more physical information and has better numerical stability and accuracy than its single-relaxation-time version.
In this paper, we develop a discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS) for general nonlinear convection-diffusion equation (NCDE), and show that the NCDE can be recovered correctly from the present model through the Chapman-Enskog analysis. We then test the present DUGKS through some classic convection-diffusion equations, and find that the numerical results are in good agreement with analytical solutions and the DUGKS model has a second-order convergence rate. Finally, as a finite-volume method, DUGKS can also adopt the non-uniform mesh. Besides, we performed some comparisons among the DUGKS, finite-volume lattice Boltzmann model (FV-LBM), single-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model (SLBM) and multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann model (MRT-LBM). The results show that the DUGKS model is more accurate than FV-LBM, more stable than SLBM, and almost has the same accuracy as the MRT-LBM. Besides, the using of non-uniform mesh may make DUGKS model more flexible.
A multiple-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) is proposed for multicomponent mixtures, where compressible, hydrodynamic, and thermodynamic nonequilibrium effects are taken into account. It allows the specific heat ratio and the Prandtl number to be adjustable, and is suitable for both low and high speed fluid flows. From the physical side, besides being consistent with the multicomponent Navier-Stokes equations, Ficks law and Stefan-Maxwell diffusion equation in the hydrodynamic limit, the DBM provides more kinetic information about the nonequilibrium effects. The physical capability of DBM to describe the nonequilibrium flows, beyond the Navier-Stokes representation, enables the study of the entropy production mechanism in complex flows, especially in multicomponent mixtures. Moreover, the current kinetic model is employed to investigate nonequilibrium behaviors of the compressible Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). It is found that, in the dynamic KHI process, the mixing degree and fluid flow are similar for cases with various thermal conductivity and initial temperature configurations. Physically, both heat conduction and temperature exert slight influences on the formation and evolution of the KHI.