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Register a new userThe bias of cosmic voids in the presence of massive neutrinos
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Cosmic voids offer an extraordinary opportunity to study the effects of massive neutrinos on cosmological scales. Because they are freely streaming, neutrinos can penetrate the interior of voids more easily than cold dark matter or baryons, which makes their relative contribution to the mass budget in voids much higher than elsewhere in the Universe. In simulations it has recently been shown how various characteristics of voids in the matter distribution are affected by neutrinos, such as their abundance, density profiles, dynamics, and clustering properties. However, the tracers used to identify voids in observations (e.g., galaxies or halos) are affected by neutrinos as well, and isolating the unique neutrino signatures inherent to voids becomes more difficult. In this paper we make use of the DEMNUni suite of simulations to investigate the clustering bias of voids in Fourier space as a function of their core density and compensation. We find a clear dependence on the sum of neutrino masses that remains significant even for void statistics extracted from halos. In particular, we observe that the amplitude of the linear void bias increases with neutrino mass for voids defined in dark matter, whereas this trend gets reversed and slightly attenuated when measuring the relative void-halo bias using voids identified in the halo distribution. Finally, we argue how the original behaviour can be restored when considering observations of the total matter distribution (e.g. via weak lensing), and comment on scale-dependent effects in the void bias that may provide additional information on neutrinos in the future.
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Do void statistics contain information beyond the tracer 2-point correlation function? Yes! As we vary the sum of the neutrino masses, we find void statistics contain information absent when using just tracer 2-point statistics. Massive neutrinos uniquely affect cosmic voids. We explore their impact on void clustering using both the DEMNUni and MassiveNuS simulations. For voids, neutrino effects depend on the observed void tracers. As the neutrino mass increases, the number of small voids traced by cold dark matter particles increases and the number of large voids decreases. Surprisingly, when massive, highly biased, halos are used as tracers, we find the opposite effect. The scale at which voids cluster, as well as the void correlation, is similarly sensitive to the sum of neutrino masses and the tracers. This scale dependent trend is not due to simulation volume or halo density. The interplay of these signatures in the void abundance and clustering leaves a distinct fingerprint that could be detected with observations and potentially help break degeneracies between different cosmological parameters. This paper paves the way to exploit cosmic voids in future surveys to constrain the mass of neutrinos.
Cosmic voids are progressively emerging as a new viable cosmological probe. Their abundance and density profiles are sensitive to modifications of gravity, as well as to dark energy and neutrinos. The main goal of this work is to investigate the possibility of exploiting cosmic void statistics to disentangle the degeneracies resulting from a proper combination of $f(R)$ modified gravity and neutrino mass. We use N-body simulations to analyse the density profiles and size function of voids traced by both dark matter particles and haloes. We find clear evidence of the enhancement of gravity in $f(R)$ cosmologies in the void density profiles at $z=1$. However, these effects can be almost completely overridden by the presence of massive neutrinos because of their thermal free-streaming. Despite the limited volume of the analysed simulations does not allow us to achieve a statistically relevant abundance of voids larger than $40 mathrm{Mpc}/h$, we find that the void size function at high redshifts and for large voids is potentially an effective probe to disentangle these degenerate cosmological models, which is key in the prospective of the upcoming wide field redshift surveys.
Future or ongoing galaxy redshift surveys can put stringent constraints on neutrinos masses via the high-precision measurements of galaxy power spectrum, when combined with cosmic microwave background (CMB) information. In this paper we develop a method to model galaxy power spectrum in the weakly nonlinear regime for a mixed dark matter (CDM plus finite-mass neutrinos) model, based on perturbation theory (PT) whose validity is well tested by simulations for a CDM model. In doing this we carefully study various aspects of the nonlinear clustering and then arrive at a useful approximation allowing for a quick computation of the nonlinear power spectrum as in the CDM case. The nonlinear galaxy bias is also included in a self-consistent manner within the PT framework. Thus the use of our PT model can give a more robust understanding of the measured galaxy power spectrum as well as allow for higher sensitivity to neutrino masses due to the gain of Fourier modes beyond the linear regime. Based on the Fisher matrix formalism, we find that BOSS or Stage-III type survey, when combined with Planck CMB information, gives a precision of total neutrino mass constraint, sigma(m_nu,tot) 0.1eV, while Stage-IV type survey may achieve sigma(m_nu,tot) 0.05eV, i.e. more than a 1-sigma detection of neutrino masses. We also discuss possible systematic errors on dark energy parameters caused by the neutrino mass uncertainty. The significant correlation between neutrino mass and dark energy parameters is found, if the information on power spectrum amplitude is included. More importantly, for Stage-IV type survey, a best-fit dark energy model may be biased and falsely away from the underlying true model by more than the 1-sigma statistical errors, if neutrino mass is ignored in the model fitting.
We develop a method to identify cosmic voids from the matter density field by adopting a physically-motivated concept that voids are the counterpart of massive clusters. To prove the concept we use a pair of $Lambda$CDM simulations, a reference and its initial density-inverted mirror simulation, and study the relation between the effective size of voids and the mass of corresponding clusters. Galaxy cluster-scale dark matter halos are identified in the Mirror simulation at $z=0$ by linking dark matter particles. The void corresponding to each cluster is defined in the Reference simulation as the region occupied by the member particles of the cluster. We study the voids corresponding to the halos more massive than $10^{13}h^{-1}M_{odot}$. We find a power-law scaling relation between the void size and the corresponding cluster mass. Voids with corresponding cluster mass above $10^{15}h^{-1}M_{odot}$ occupy $sim1%$ of the total simulated volume, whereas this fraction increases to $sim54%$ for voids with corresponding cluster mass above $10^{13}h^{-1}M_{odot}$. It is also found that the density profile of the identified voids follows a universal functional form. Based on these findings, we propose a method to identify cluster-counterpart voids directly from the matter density field without their mirror information by utilizing three parameters such as the smoothing scale, density threshold, and minimum core fraction. We recover voids corresponding to clusters more massive than $3times10^{14}h^{-1}M_{odot}$ at 70--74 % level of completeness and reliability. Our results suggest that we are able to identify voids in a way to associate them with clusters of a particular mass-scale.
Numerical simulations of massive neutrino cosmologies consistently find a spoon-like feature in the non-linear matter power spectrum ratios of cosmological models that differ only in the neutrino mass fraction f_N. Typically, the ratio approaches unity at low wave numbers k, decreases by ~ 10 f_N at k ~ 1 h/Mpc, and turns up again at large k. Using the halo model of large-scale structure, we show that this spoon feature originates in the transition from the two-halo power spectrum to the one-halo power spectrum. The formers sensitivity to f_N rises with k, while that of the latter decreases with k. The presence of this spoon feature is robust with respect to different choices of the halo mass function and the halo density profile, and does not require any parameter tuning within the halo model. We demonstrate that a standard halo model calculation is already able to predict the depth, width, and position of this spoon as well as its evolution with redshift z with remarkable accuracy. Predictions at z >= 1 can be further improved using non-linear perturbative inputs.
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