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Register a new userInfluence of ns-laser wavelength in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for discrimination of painting techniques
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Xueshi Bai
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The influence of ns-laser wavelength to discriminate ancient painting techniques such as are fresco, casein, animal glue, egg yolk and oil was investigated in this work. This study was carried out with a single shot laser on samples covered by a layer made of a mixture of the cinnabar pigment and different binders. Three wavelengths based on Nd: YAG laser were investigated (1064, 532 and 266 nm). The plasma is controlled at the same electron temperature after an adjustment of pulse energy for these three wavelengths on a fresco sample without organic binder. This approach allows to eliminate the effects of laser pulse energy and the material laser absorption. Afterwards, the emission spectra were compared to separate different techniques. The organic binding media has been separated based on the relative emission intensity of the present CN or C 2 rovibrational emissions. In order to test the capability of separating or identifying, the chemometric approach (PCA) was applied to the different matrix. The different solutions in term of wavelength range to optimise the identification was investigated. We focused on the evaluation for the laser wavelength to insure a better separation. The different capacity was interpreted by differentiating 1 Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] 2 the binders by the altered interaction mechanisms between the laser photon and the binders. Also, the electron temperature in the plasma was estimated, which provided the evidences to our findings.
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This paper presents the process of plasma formation during laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) along with analysis of emission from double pulse LIBS to better understand the processes and the factors involved in enhancement of plasma emission. In this analysis plasma emission has been considered directly proportional to the square of plasma density, its volume, and the fraction of absorption of second laser pulse in the plasma plume produced by the first laser through inverse Bremsstrahlung absorption process. The electron ion collision frequency, which is dependent on the density and temperature of the plasma, has been found playing important role in the enhancement of emission as well as in the saturation of emission during LIBS. The effect of material ablation, delay between lasers, plasma confinement and shielding effect has also been discussed.
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Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser based diagnostics used to study atomic emission from the expanding plasma plume formed during the laser-matter interaction. It provides valuable information about the composition of the target material. LIBS has proved its potential application in the analysis of impurities, pollutants and toxic elements in various types of matrices of different samples (solid, liquid and gases), even those present under difficult and harsh environmental conditions. This article reviews some recent developments in the field, and its wide application in various fields of research and analysis.
Laser-produced plasma (LPP) induced during irradiation of a liquid tin droplet with diameter of 150 um and 180 um by CO2 laser pulse with various pulse durations and energies is considered. The two-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) plasma code is used to simulate the emission and plasma dynamics of multicharged ion tin LPP. Results of simulations for various laser pulse durations and 75-600 mJ pulse energies with Gaussian and experimentally taken temporal profiles are discussed. It is found that if the mass of the target is big enough to provide the plasma flux required (the considered case) a kind of dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux is formed. In this dynamic quasi-stationary plasma flux, an interlayer of relatively cold tin vapor with mass density of 1-2 g/cm3 is formed between the liquid tin droplet and low density plasma of the critical layer. Expanding of the tin vapor from the droplet provides the plasma flux to the critical layer. In critical layer the plasma is heated up and expands faster. In the simulation results with spherical liquid tin target, the CE into 2${pi}$ is of 4% for 30 ns FWHM and just slightly lower - of 3.67% for 240 ns FWHM for equal laser intensities of 14 GW/cm2. This slight decay of the in-band EUV yield with laser pulse duration is conditioned by an increasing of radiation re-absorption by expanding plasma from the target, as more cold plasma is produced with longer pulse. The calculated direction diagrams of in-band EUV emission permit to optimize a collector configuration.
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