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Register a new userAtomic parity violation and the standard model
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A concise review of atomic parity violation with a focus on the measurement and interpretation of parity violation in cesium.
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We discuss the propagation of hydrogen atoms in static electric and magnetic fields in a longitudinal atomic beam spin echo (lABSE) apparatus. There the atoms acquire geometric (Berry) phases that exhibit a new manifestation of parity-(P-)violation in atomic physics. We provide analytical as well as numerical calculations of the behaviour of the metastable 2S states of hydrogen. The conditions for electromagnetic field configurations that allow for adiabatic evolution of the relevant atomic states are investigated. Our results provide the theoretical basis for the discussion of possible measurements of P-violating geometric phases in lABSE experiments.
Single trapped ions are ideal systems in which to test atomic physics at high precision: they are effectively isolated atoms held at rest and largely free from perturbing interactions. This thesis describes several projects developed to study the structure of singly-ionized barium and more fundamental physics. First, we describe a spin-dependent electron-shelving scheme that allows us to perform single ion electron spin resonance experiments in both the ground 6S_{1/2} and metastable 5D_{3/2} states at precision levels of 10^{-5}. We employ this technique to measure the ratio of off-resonant light shifts (or ac-Stark effect) in these states to a precision of 10^{-3} at two different wavelengths. These results constitute a new high precision test of heavy-atom atomic theory. Such experimental tests in Ba+ are in high demand since knowledge of key dipole matrix elements is currently limited to about 5%. Ba+ has recently been the subject of theoretical interest towards a test of atomic parity violation for which knowledge of dipole matrix elements is an important prerequisite. We summarize this parity violation experimental concept and describe new ideas. (continued...)
We propose a method for measuring parity violation in neutral atoms. It is an adaptation of a seminal work by Fortson [Phys. Rev. Lett. {bf 70}, 2383 (1993)], proposing a scheme for a single trapped ion. In our version, a large sample of neutral atoms should be localised in an optical lattice overlapping a grid of detection sites, all tailored as the single site in Fortsons work. The methodology is of general applicability, but as an example we estimate the achievable signal in an experiment probing a nuclear spin independent parity violation on the line $6mathrm{s},^2mathrm{S}_{1/2}$--$5mathrm{d},^2mathrm{D}_{3/2}$ in $^{133}$Cs. The projected result is based on realistic parameters and textit{ab initio} calculations of transition amplitudes, using the relativistic coupled-cluster method. The final result is a predicted spectroscopic signature, evidencing parity violation, of the order of 1 Hz, for a sample of $10^8$ atoms. We show that a total interrogation time of 30000 s should suffice for achieving a precision of the order of 0.1% --- surpassing previous determinations of the weak charge in Cs by at least a factor of five.
Using large scale real-time lattice simulations, we calculate the baryon asymmetry generated at a fast, cold electroweak symmetry breaking transition. CP-violation is provided by the leading effective bosonic term resulting from integrating out the fermions in the Minimal Standard Model at zero temperature, and performing a covariant gradient expansion [1]. This is an extension of the work presented in [2]. The numerical implementation is described in detail, and we address issues specifically related to using this CP-violating term in the context of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis. The results support the conclusion of [2], that Standard Model CP-violation may be able to reproduce the observed baryon asymmetry in the Universe in the context of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis.
Time-reversal breaking and parity-conserving millistrong interactions, suggested in 1965, still remain a viable mechanism of CP-violation beyond the Standard Model. One of its possible manifestations is the T-odd asymmetry in the transmission of tensor-polarized deuterons through a vector-polarized hydrogen gas target. Upon the rotation of the deuteron polarization from the vertical direction into the ring plane, the T-odd asymmetries, odd against the reversal of the proton polarization in the target, will continuously oscillate with first or second harmonics of the spin precession frequency. The Fourier analysis of the oscillating T-odd asymmetries allows for an easy separation from background persistent in conventional experiments employing static vector and tensor polarizations.
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