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Register a new userSingle barium ion spectroscopy: light shifts, hyperfine structure, and progress on an optical frequency standard and atomic parity violation
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Authors
Jeff A. Sherman
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Single trapped ions are ideal systems in which to test atomic physics at high precision: they are effectively isolated atoms held at rest and largely free from perturbing interactions. This thesis describes several projects developed to study the structure of singly-ionized barium and more fundamental physics. First, we describe a spin-dependent electron-shelving scheme that allows us to perform single ion electron spin resonance experiments in both the ground 6S_{1/2} and metastable 5D_{3/2} states at precision levels of 10^{-5}. We employ this technique to measure the ratio of off-resonant light shifts (or ac-Stark effect) in these states to a precision of 10^{-3} at two different wavelengths. These results constitute a new high precision test of heavy-atom atomic theory. Such experimental tests in Ba+ are in high demand since knowledge of key dipole matrix elements is currently limited to about 5%. Ba+ has recently been the subject of theoretical interest towards a test of atomic parity violation for which knowledge of dipole matrix elements is an important prerequisite. We summarize this parity violation experimental concept and describe new ideas. (continued...)
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We report progress on 115In+ and 137Ba+ single ion optical frequency standards using all solid-state sources. Both are free from quadrupole field shifts and together enable a search for drift in fundamental constants.
A concise review of atomic parity violation with a focus on the measurement and interpretation of parity violation in cesium.
State preparation, qubit rotation, and high fidelity readout are demonstrated for two separate baseven qubit types. First, an optical qubit on the narrow 6S$_{1/2}$ to 5D$_{5/2}$ transition at 1.76 $mu$m is implemented. Then, leveraging the techniques developed there for readout, a ground state hyperfine qubit using the magnetically insensitive transition at 8 GHz is accomplished.
We propose a method for measuring parity violation in neutral atoms. It is an adaptation of a seminal work by Fortson [Phys. Rev. Lett. {bf 70}, 2383 (1993)], proposing a scheme for a single trapped ion. In our version, a large sample of neutral atoms should be localised in an optical lattice overlapping a grid of detection sites, all tailored as the single site in Fortsons work. The methodology is of general applicability, but as an example we estimate the achievable signal in an experiment probing a nuclear spin independent parity violation on the line $6mathrm{s},^2mathrm{S}_{1/2}$--$5mathrm{d},^2mathrm{D}_{3/2}$ in $^{133}$Cs. The projected result is based on realistic parameters and textit{ab initio} calculations of transition amplitudes, using the relativistic coupled-cluster method. The final result is a predicted spectroscopic signature, evidencing parity violation, of the order of 1 Hz, for a sample of $10^8$ atoms. We show that a total interrogation time of 30000 s should suffice for achieving a precision of the order of 0.1% --- surpassing previous determinations of the weak charge in Cs by at least a factor of five.
Atomic Parity Violation provides the rare opportunity of a low energy window into possible new fundamental processes at very high mass scales normally investigated at large high energy accelerators. Precise measurements on atomic systems are currently the most sensitive probes of many kinds of new physics, and complement high energy experiments. Present atomic experiments are beginning to reach their limits of precision due to either sensitivity, systematics or atomic structure uncertainties. An experiment in a single trapped Barium ion can improve on all of these difficulties. This experiment uses methods to precisely manipulate and detect the spin state of a single ion in order to measure a parity induced splitting of the ground state magnetic sublevels in externally applied laser fields. The same methods can be used to provide precise measurements of more conventional atomic structure parameters.
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