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Register a new userA synthetic gauge field for two-dimensional time-multiplexed quantum random walks
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Temporal multiplexing provides an efficient and scalable approach to realize a quantum random walk with photons that can exhibit topological properties. But two dimensional time-multiplexed topological quantum walks studied so far have relied on generalizations of the Su-Shreiffer-Heeger (SSH) model with no synthetic gauge field. In this work, we demonstrate a 2D topological quantum random walk where the non-trivial topology is due to the presence of a synthetic gauge field. We show that the synthetic gauge field leads to the appearance of multiple bandgaps and consequently, a spatial confinement of the random walk distribution. Moreover, we demonstrate topological edge states at an interface between domains with opposite synthetic fields. Our results expand the range of Hamiltonians that can be simulated using photonic random walks.
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Synthetic dimensions provide a promising platform for photonic quantum simulations. Manipulating the flow of photons in these dimensions requires an electric field. However, photons do not have charge and do not directly interact with electric fields. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed to realize electric fields in photonics. One approach is to use engineered gauge fields that can mimic the effect of electric fields and produce the same dynamical behavior. Here, we demonstrate such an electric field for photons propagating in a two-dimensional synthetic space. We achieve this using a linearly time-varying gauge field generated by direction-dependent phase modulations. We show that the generated electric field leads to Bloch oscillations and the revival of the state after a certain number of steps dependent on the field strength. We measure the probability of the revival and demonstrate good agreement between the observed values and the theoretically predicted results. Furthermore, by applying a nonuniform electric field, we show the possibility of waveguiding photons. Ultimately, our results open up new opportunities for manipulating the propagation of photons with potential applications in photonic quantum simulations.
We study the effects of a synthetic gauge field and pseudospin-orbit interaction in a stacked two-dimensional ring-network model. The model was introduced to simulate light propagation in the corresponding ring-resonator lattice, and is thus completely bosonic. Without these two items, the model exhibits Floquet-Weyl and Floquet-topological-insulator phases with topologically gapless and gapped band structures, respectively. The synthetic magnetic field implemented in the model results in a three-dimensional Hofstadter-butterfly-type spectrum in a photonic platform. The resulting gaps are characterization by the winding number of relevant S-matrices together with the Chern number of the bulk bands. The pseudospin-orbit interaction is defined as the mixing term between two pseudospin degrees of freedom in the rings, namely, the clockwise and counter-clockwise modes. It destroys the Floquet-topological-insulator phases, while the Floquet-Weyl phase with multiple Weyl points can be preserved by breaking the space-inversion symmetry. Implementing both the synthetic gauge field and pseudospin-orbit interaction requires a certain nonreciprocity.
We study exceptional sets of the local time of the continuous-time simple random walk in scaled-up (by $N
Electronic transport in low dimensions through a disordered medium leads to localization. The addition of gauge fields to disordered media leads to fundamental changes in the transport properties. For example, chiral edge states can emerge in two-dimensional systems with a perpendicular magnetic field. Here, we implement a synthetic gauge field for photons using silicon-on-insulator technology. By determining the distribution of transport properties, we confirm the localized transport in the bulk and the suppression of localization in edge states, using the gold standard for localization studies. Our system provides a new platform to investigate transport properties in the presence of synthetic gauge fields, which is important both from the fundamental perspective of studying photonic transport and for applications in classical and quantum information processing.
Solid-state quantum emitters are excellent sources of on-demand indistinguishable or entangled photons and can host long-lived spin memories, crucial resources for photonic quantum information applications. However, their scalability remains an outstanding challenge. Here we present a scalable technique to multiplex streams of photons from multiple independent quantum dots, on-chip, into a fiber network for use off-chip. Multiplexing is achieved by incorporating a multi-core fiber into a confocal microscope and spatially matching the multiple foci, seven in this case, to quantum dots in an array of deterministically positioned nanowires. First, we report the coherent control of the emission of biexciton-exciton cascade from a single nanowire quantum dot under resonant two-photon excitation. Then, as a proof-of-principle demonstration, we perform parallel spectroscopy on the nanowire array to identify two nearly identical quantum dots at different positions which are subsequently tuned into resonance with an external magnetic field. Multiplexing of background-free single photons from these two quantum dots is then achieved. Our approach, applicable to all types of quantum emitters, can readily be scaled up to multiplex $>100$ quantum light sources, providing a breakthrough in hardware for photonic based quantum technologies. Immediate applications include quantum communication, quantum simulation, and quantum computation.
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