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Register a new userTopologically Robust Transport of Photons in a Synthetic Gauge Field
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Electronic transport in low dimensions through a disordered medium leads to localization. The addition of gauge fields to disordered media leads to fundamental changes in the transport properties. For example, chiral edge states can emerge in two-dimensional systems with a perpendicular magnetic field. Here, we implement a synthetic gauge field for photons using silicon-on-insulator technology. By determining the distribution of transport properties, we confirm the localized transport in the bulk and the suppression of localization in edge states, using the gold standard for localization studies. Our system provides a new platform to investigate transport properties in the presence of synthetic gauge fields, which is important both from the fundamental perspective of studying photonic transport and for applications in classical and quantum information processing.
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We study the effects of a synthetic gauge field and pseudospin-orbit interaction in a stacked two-dimensional ring-network model. The model was introduced to simulate light propagation in the corresponding ring-resonator lattice, and is thus completely bosonic. Without these two items, the model exhibits Floquet-Weyl and Floquet-topological-insulator phases with topologically gapless and gapped band structures, respectively. The synthetic magnetic field implemented in the model results in a three-dimensional Hofstadter-butterfly-type spectrum in a photonic platform. The resulting gaps are characterization by the winding number of relevant S-matrices together with the Chern number of the bulk bands. The pseudospin-orbit interaction is defined as the mixing term between two pseudospin degrees of freedom in the rings, namely, the clockwise and counter-clockwise modes. It destroys the Floquet-topological-insulator phases, while the Floquet-Weyl phase with multiple Weyl points can be preserved by breaking the space-inversion symmetry. Implementing both the synthetic gauge field and pseudospin-orbit interaction requires a certain nonreciprocity.
Collective (elementary) excitations of quantum bosonic condensates, including condensates of exciton polaritons in semiconductor microcavities, are a sensitive probe of interparticle interactions. In anisotropic microcavities with momentum-dependent TE-TM splitting of the optical modes, the excitations dispersions are predicted to be strongly anisotropic, which is a consequence of the synthetic magnetic gauge field of the cavity, as well as the interplay between different interaction strengths for polaritons in the singlet and triplet spin configurations. Here, by directly measuring the dispersion of the collective excitations in a high-density optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate, we observe excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions for spinor polariton excitations. We extract the inter- and intra-spin polariton interaction constants and map out the characteristic spin textures in an interacting spinor condensate of exciton polaritons.
We propose the creation of an atomic analogue of electronic snake states in which electrons move along one-dimensional snake-like trajectory in the presence of a suitable magnetic field gradient. To this purpose, we propose the creation of laser induced synthetic gauge field inside a three-mirror ring cavity and show that under appropriate conditions, the atomic trajectory in such configuration mimics snake-state like motion. We analyse this motion using semi-classical and full quantum mechanical techniques for a single atom. We provide a detailed comparison of the original electronic phenomena and its atomic analogue in terms of relevant energy and length scales and conclude by briefly pointing out the possibility of consequent study of ultra cold condensate in similar ring-cavity configuration.
Non-reciprocity and asymmetric transmission in optical and plasmonic systems is a key element for engineering the one-way propagation structures for light manipulation. Here we investigate topological nanostructures covered with graphene-based meta-surfaces, which consist of a periodic pattern of sub-wavelength stripes of graphene winding around the (meta-) tube or (meta-)torus. We establish the relation between the topological and plasmonic properties in these structures, as justified by simple theoretical expressions. Our results demonstrate how to use strong asymmetric and chiral plasmonic responses to tailor the electrodynamic properties in topological meta-structures. Cavity resonances formed by elliptical and hyperbolic plasmons in meta-structures are sensitive to the one-way propagation regime in a finite length (Fabry-Perot-like) meta-tube and display the giant mode splitting in a (Mach-Zehnder-like) meta-torus.
Magnetic skyrmions are topologically non-trivial spin structure, and their existence in ferromagnetically coupled multilayers has been reported with disordered arrangement. In these multilayers, the heavy metal spacing layers provide an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) for stabilizing skyrmions at the expense of interlayer exchanging coupling (IEC). To meet the functional requirement of ordered/designable arrangement, in this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a scenario of skyrmion nucleation using nanostructured synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) multilayers. Instead of relying on DMI, the antiferromagnetic IEC in the SAF multilayers fulfills the role of nucleation and stabilization of skyrmions. The IEC induced skyrmions were identified directly imaged with MFM and confirmed by magnetometry and magnetoresistance measurements as well as micromagnetic simulation. Furthermore, the robustness of the proposed skyrmion nucleation scenario was examined against temperature (from 4.5 to 300 K), device size (from 400 to 1200 nm), and different lattice designs. Hence, our results provide a synthetic skyrmion platform meeting the functional needs in magnonic and spintronic applications.
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