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Register a new userSupercontinuum Generation in Heavy-Metal Oxide Glass Based Suspended-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
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We investigate supercontinuum generation in several suspended-core soft-glass photonic crystal fibers pumped by an optical parametric oscillator tunable around 1550 nm. The fibers were drawn from lead-bismuth-gallium-cadmium-oxide glass (PBG-81) with a wide transmission window from 0.5-2.7 micron and a high nonlinear refractive index up to 4.3.10^(-19) m^2/W. They have been specifically designed with a microscale suspended hexagonal core for efficient supercontinuum generation around 1550 nm. We experimentally demonstrate two supercontinuum spectra spanning from 1.07-2.31 micron and 0.89-2.46 micron by pumping two PCFs in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes, respectively. We also numerically model the group velocity dispersion curves for these fibers from their scanning electron microscope images. Results are in good agreement with numerical simulations based on the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation including the pump frequency chirp.
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Improved long-wavelength transmission and supercontinuum (SC) generation is demonstrated by anti-reflective (AR) nanoimprinting and tapering of chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers (PCF). Using a SC source input spanning from 1-4.2 {mu}m, the total transmission of a 15 {mu}m core diameter PCF was improved from ~53 % to ~74 % by nanoimprinting of AR structures on both input- and output facets of the fiber. Through a combined effect of reduced reflection and red-shifting of the spectrum to 5 {mu}m, the relative transmission of light >3.5 {mu}m in the same fiber was increased by 60.2 %. Further extension of the spectrum to 8 {mu}m was achieved using tapered fibers. The spectral broadening dynamics and output power was investigated using different taper parameters and pulse repetition rates.
In this paper, we report the design and fabrication of a highly birefringent polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) made from chalcogenide glass, and its application to linearly-polarized supercontinuum (SC) generation in the mid-infrared region. The PM fiber was drawn using the casting method from As38Se62 glass which features a transmission window from 2 to 10 $mu m$ and a high nonlinear index of 1.13.10$^{-17}$m$^{2}$W$^{-1}$. It has a zero-dispersion wavelength around 4.5 $mu m$ and, at this wavelength, a large birefringence of 6.10$^{-4}$ and consequently strong polarization maintaining properties are expected. Using this fiber, we experimentally demonstrate supercontinuum generation spanning from 3.1-6.02 $mu m$ and 3.33-5.78 $mu m$ using femtosecond pumping at 4 $mu m$ and 4.53 $mu m$, respectively. We further investigate the supercontinuum bandwidth versus the input pump polarization angle and we show very good agreement with numerical simulations of the two-polarization model based on two coupled generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations.
We demonstrate experimentally that the spectral broadening of CW supercontinuum can be controlled by using photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths pumped by an Yb fiber laser at 1064 nm. The spectrum is bounded by two dispersive waves whose spectral location depends on the two zero-dispersion wavelengths of the fiber. The bandwidth of the generated spectrum and the spectral power density may thus be tailored for particular applications, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography or optical spectroscopy.
We investigate intermodal forward Brillouin scattering in a solid-core PCF, demonstrating efficient power conversion between the HE11 and HE21 modes, with a maximum gain coefficient of 21.4/W/km. By exploring mechanical modes of different symmetries, we observe both polarization-dependent and polarization-independent intermodal Brillouin interaction. Finally, we discuss the role of squeeze film air damping and leakage mechanisms, ultimately critical to the engineering of PCF structures with enhanced interaction between high order optical modes through flexural mechanical modes.
An optical trapping scheme is proposed by which ultrashort low-amplitude radiations, co-propagating with a continuous train of temporal pulses in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with Raman-inactive noble gases, can be trapped and reshaped into optical soliton trains by means of cross-phase modulation interactions. The scheme complements and extends a recently proposed idea that a single-pulse soliton could trap an ultrashort small-amplitude radiation in a symmetric hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with a noble gas, thus preventing its dispersion [M. F. Saleh and F. Biancalana, Phys. Rev. A87, 043807 (2013)]. We find a family of three distinct soliton-train boundstates with different propagation constants, one being a duplicate of the trapping pulse train. We analyze the effects of self-steepening on the trapping (i.e. pump) and trapped (i.e. probe) field profiles and find that self-steepening causes a uniform shift in position of the pump soliton train, but a complex motion for the probe dominanted by anharmonic oscillations of their temporal positions and phases. The new trapping scheme is intended for optical applications involving optical-field cloning and duplication via wave-guided-wave processes, in photonic fiber media in which interplay time-division multiplexed high-intensity pulses coexisting with continuous-wave radiations.
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