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Register a new userTwo-dimension Dirac fermions system in CdHgTe quantum wells
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We report on transport and capacitance spectroscopy study of two kinds of quantum wells, namely Cd$_{0.02}$Hg$_{0.98}$Te and Cd$_{0.06}$Hg$_{0.94}$Te with the thicknesses of 7.4 and 11.5 nm, accordingly. The fraction of Cd was chosen in a way that the both quantum wells are expected to have gapless band structure typical for a Dirac fermions system. We have established that the first quantum well exhibits a massless Dirac fermions system with a quality slightly better then in conventional HgTe quantum wells of critical thickness. Second quantum well exhibits a high-quality two-dimensional topological insulator state with the energy gap of around 10 meV and well-defined edge transport making it as a good candidate for further study and applications of topological insulators.
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We report on the clear evidence of massless Dirac fermions in two-dimensional system based on III-V semiconductors. Using a gated Hall bar made on a three-layer InAs/GaSb/InAs quantum well, we restore the Landau levels fan chart by magnetotransport and unequivocally demonstrate a gapless state in our sample. Measurements of cyclotron resonance at different electron concentrations directly indicate a linear band crossing at the $Gamma$ point of Brillouin zone. Analysis of experimental data within analytical Dirac-like Hamiltonian allows us not only determing velocity $v_F=1.8cdot10^5$ m/s of massless Dirac fermions but also demonstrating significant non-linear dispersion at high energies.
We calculate the dispersion of the plasmon-LO modes taking into account the spatial dispersion of the electronic polarizability. It is shown that stimulated emission of the plasmon-LO mode is possible in the frequency range corresponding to the Reststrahlen band of GaAs both in a 6 nm wide HgTe/CdTe QW and in a 5 nm wide HgTe/Cd0.7Hg0.3Te QW grown on the (013) plane. Due to the anisotropy of the dispersion law for the plasmon-LO mode, the [03-1] direction appears to be optimal for generation.
The spectra of plasma and magnetoplasma excitations in a two-dimensional system of anisotropic heavy fermions were investigated for the first time. The spectrum of microwave absorption by disk-like samples of stressed AlAs quantum wells at low electron densities showed two plasma resonances separated by a frequency gap. These two plasma resonances correspond to electron mass principle values of $(1.10 pm 0.05) m_0$ and $(0.20 pm 0.01) m_0$. The observed results correspond to the case of a single valley strongly anisotropic Fermi surface. It was established that electron density increase results in population of the second valley, manifesting itself as a drastic modification of the plasma spectrum. We directly determined the electron densities in each valley and the inter-valley splitting energy from the ratio of the two plasma frequencies.
The double quantum well systems consisting of two HgTe layers separated by a tunnel-transparent barrier are expected to manifest a variety of phase states including two-dimensional gapless semimetal and two-dimensional topological insulator. The presence of several subbands in such systems leads to a rich filling factor diagram in the quantum Hall regime. We have performed magnetotransport measurements of the HgTe-based double quantum wells in both gapless and gapped state and observed numerous crossings between the Landau levels belonging to different subbands. We analyze the Landau level crossing patterns and compare them to the results of theoretical calculations.
We report on temperature-dependent magnetospectroscopy of two HgTe/CdHgTe quantum wells below and above the critical well thickness $d_c$. Our results, obtained in magnetic fields up to 16 T and temperature range from 2 K to 150 K, clearly indicate a change of the band-gap energy with temperature. The quantum well wider than $d_c$ evidences a temperature-driven transition from topological insulator to semiconductor phases. At the critical temperature of 90 K, the merging of inter- and intra-band transitions in weak magnetic fields clearly specifies the formation of gapless state, revealing the appearance of single-valley massless Dirac fermions with velocity of $5.6times10^5$ m$times$s$^{-1}$. For both quantum wells, the energies extracted from experimental data are in good agreement with calculations on the basis of the 8-band Kane Hamiltonian with temperature-dependent parameters.
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