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Register a new userFinite element method for obtaining the regularized photon Green function in lossy material
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Photon Green function (GF) is the vital and most decisive factor in the field of quantum light-matter interaction. It is divergent with two equal space arguments in arbitrary-shaped lossy structure and should be regularized. We introduce a finite element method for calculating the regularized GF. It is expressed by the averaged radiation electric field over the finite-size of the photon emitter. For emitter located in homogeneous lossy material, excellent agreement with the analytical results is found for both real cavity model and virtual cavity model. For emitter located in a metal nano-sphere, the regularized scattered GF, which is the difference between the regularized GF and the analytical regularized one in homogeneous space, agrees well with the analytical scattered GF.
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We investigate theoretically and numerically the use of the Least-Squares Finite-element method (LSFEM) to approach data-assimilation problems for the steady-state, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our LSFEM discretization is based on a stress-velocity-pressure (S-V-P) first-order formulation, using discrete counterparts of the Sobolev spaces $H({rm div}) times H^1 times L^2$ respectively. Resolution of the system is via minimization of a least-squares functional representing the magnitude of the residual of the equations. A simple and immediate approach to extend this solver to data-assimilation is to add a data-discrepancy term to the functional. Whereas most data-assimilation techniques require a large number of evaluations of the forward-simulations and are therefore very expensive, the approach proposed in this work uniquely has the same cost as a single forward run. However, the question arises: what is the statistical model implied by this choice? We answer this within the Bayesian framework, establishing the latent background covariance model and the likelihood. Further we demonstrate that - in the linear case - the method is equivalent to application of the Kalman filter, and derive the posterior covariance. We practically demonstrate the capabilities of our method on a backward-facing step case. Our LSFEM formulation (without data) is shown to have good approximation quality, even on relatively coarse meshes - in particular with respect to mass-conservation and reattachment location. Adding limited velocity measurements from experiment, we show that the method is able to correct for discretization error on very coarse meshes, as well as correct for the influence of unknown and uncertain boundary-conditions.
A monolithic coupling between the material point method (MPM) and the finite element method (FEM) is presented. The MPM formulation described is implicit, and the exchange of information between particles and background grid is minimized. The reduced information transfer from the particles to the grid improves the stability of the method. Once the residual is assembled, the system matrix is obtained by means of automatic differentiation. In such a way, no explicit computation is required and the implementation is considerably simplified. When MPM is coupled with FEM, the MPM background grid is attached to the FEM body and the coupling is monolithic. With this strategy, no MPM particle can penetrate a FEM element, and the need for computationally expensive contact search algorithms used by existing coupling procedures is eliminated. The coupled system can be assembled with a single assembly procedure carried out element by element in a FEM fashion. Numerical results are reported to display the performances and advantages of the methods here discussed.
The anomalous features in diffraction patterns first observed by Wood over a century ago have been the subject of many investigations, both experimental and theoretical. The sharp, narrow structures - and the large resonances with which they are sometimes associated - arise in numerous studies in optics and photonics. In this paper we present an analytical method to study diffracted fields of optically thin gratings that highlights the nonanalyticities associated with the anomalies. Using this approach we can immediately derive diffracted fields for any polarization in a compact notation. While our equations are approximate, they fully respect energy conservation in the electromagnetic field, and describe the large exchanges of energy between incident and diffracted fields that can arise even for thin gratings.
This paper studies a model of two-phase flow with an immersed material viscous interface and a finite element method for numerical solution of the resulting system of PDEs. The interaction between the bulk and surface media is characterized by no-penetration and slip with friction interface conditions. The system is shown to be dissipative and a model stationary problem is proved to be well-posed. The finite element method applied in this paper belongs to a family of unfitted discretizations. The performance of the method when model and discretization parameters vary is assessed. Moreover, an iterative procedure based on the splitting of the system into bulk and surface problems is introduced and studied numerically.
The retarded Green function for linear field perturbations of black hole spacetimes is notoriously difficult to calculate. One of the difficulties is due to a Dirac-$delta$ divergence that the Green function possesses when the two spacetime points are connected by a direct null geodesic. We present a procedure which notably aids its calculation in the case of Schwarzschild spacetime by separating this direct $delta$-divergence from the remainder of the retarded Green function. More precisely, the method consists of calculating the multipolar $ell$-modes of the direct $delta$-divergence and subtracting them from the corresponding modes of the retarded Green function. We illustrate the usefulness of the method with some specific calculations in the case of the scalar Green function and self-field for a point scalar charge in Schwarzschild spacetime.
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