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Register a new userDense Moving Fog for Intelligent IoT: Key Challenges and Opportunities
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Added by
Vitaly Petrov
Publication date
2018
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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As the ratification of 5G New Radio technology is being completed, enabling network architectures are expected to undertake a matching effort. Conventional cloud and edge computing paradigms may thus become insufficient in supporting the increasingly stringent operating requirements of emph{intelligent~Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices} that can move unpredictably and at high speeds. Complementing these, the concept of fog emerges to deploy cooperative cloud-like functions in the immediate vicinity of various moving devices, such as connected and autonomous vehicles, on the road and in the air. Envisioning gradual evolution of these infrastructures toward the increasingly denser geographical distribution of fog functionality, we in this work put forward the vision of dense moving fog for intelligent IoT applications. To this aim, we review the recent powerful enablers, outline the main challenges and opportunities, and corroborate the performance benefits of collaborative dense fog operation in a characteristic use case featuring a connected fleet of autonomous vehicles.
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Fog or Edge computing has recently attracted broad attention from both industry and academia. It is deemed as a paradigm shift from the current centralized cloud computing model and could potentially bring a Fog-IoT architecture that would significantly benefit the future ubiquitous Internet of Things (IoT) systems and applications. However, it takes a series of key enabling technologies including emerging technologies to realize such a vision. In this article, we will survey these key enabling technologies with specific focuses on security and scalability, which are two very important and much-needed characteristics for future large-scale deployment. We aim to draw an overall big picture of the future for the research and development in these areas.
Recently, significant research attention has been devoted to the study of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which are capable of reconfiguring the wireless propagation environment by exploiting the unique properties of metamaterials-based integrated large arrays of inexpensive antennas. Existing research demonstrates that RISs significantly improve the physical layer performance, including the wireless coverage, achievable data rate and energy efficiency. However, the medium access control (MAC) of multiple users accessing an RIS-enabled channel is still in its infancy, while many open issues remain to be addressed. In this article, we present four typical RIS-aided multi-user scenarios with special emphasis on the MAC schemes. We then propose and elaborate upon centralized, distributed and hybrid artificial-intelligence (AI)-assisted MAC architectures in RIS-aided multi-user communications systems. Finally, we discuss some challenges, perspectives and potential applications of RISs as they are related to MAC design.
The concept of Smart Cities has been introduced as a way to benefit from the digitization of various ecosystems at a city level. To support this concept, future communication networks need to be carefully designed with respect to the city infrastructure and utilization of resources. Recently, the idea of smart environment, which takes advantage of the infrastructure for better performance of wireless networks, has been proposed. This idea is aligned with the recent advances in design of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which are planar structures with the capability to reflect impinging electromagnetic waves toward preferred directions. Thus, RISs are expected to provide the necessary flexibility for the design of the smart communication environment, which can be optimally shaped to enable cost- and energy-efficient signal transmissions where needed. Upon deployment of RISs, the ecosystem of the Smart Cities would become even more controllable and adaptable, which would subsequently ease the implementation of future communication networks in urban areas and boost the interconnection among private households and public services. In this paper, we describe our vision of the application of RISs in future Smart Cities. In particular, the research challenges and opportunities are addressed. The contribution paves the road to a systematic design of RIS-assisted communication networks for Smart Cities in the years to come.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or say drones, are envisioned to support extensive applications in next-generation wireless networks in both civil and military fields. Empowering UAVs networks intelligence by artificial intelligence (AI) especially machine learning (ML) techniques is inevitable and appealing to enable the aforementioned applications. To solve the problems of traditional cloud-centric ML for UAV networks such as privacy concern, unacceptable latency, and resource burden, a distributed ML technique, textit(i.e.), federated learning (FL), has been recently proposed to enable multiple UAVs to collaboratively train ML model without letting out raw data. However, almost all existing FL paradigms are still centralized, textit{i.e.}, a central entity is in charge of ML model aggregation and fusion over the whole network, which could result in the issue of a single point of failure and are inappropriate to UAV networks with both unreliable nodes and links. Thus motivated, in this article, we propose a novel architecture called DFL-UN (underline{D}ecentralized underline{F}ederated underline{L}earning for underline{U}AV underline{N}etworks), which enables FL within UAV networks without a central entity. We also conduct a preliminary simulation study to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the DFL-UN architecture. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and potential research directions in the DFL-UN.
A reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a metamaterial that can be integrated into walls and influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This, typically passive radio frequency (RF) technology is emerging for indoor and outdoor use with the potential of making wireless communications more reliable in increasingly challenging radio environments. This paper goes one step further and introduces mobile RIS, specifically, RIS carried by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to support cellular communications networks and services of the future. We elaborate on several use cases, challenges, and future research opportunities for designing and optimizing wireless systems at low cost and with low energy footprint.
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