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Register a new userSubleading Power Rapidity Divergences and Power Corrections for $q_T$
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A number of important observables exhibit logarithms in their perturbative description that are induced by emissions at widely separated rapidities. These include transverse-momentum ($q_T$) logarithms, logarithms involving heavy-quark or electroweak gauge boson masses, and small-$x$ logarithms. In this paper, we initiate the study of rapidity logarithms, and the associated rapidity divergences, at subleading order in the power expansion. This is accomplished using the soft collinear effective theory (SCET). We discuss the structure of subleading-power rapidity divergences and how to consistently regulate them. We introduce a new pure rapidity regulator and a corresponding $overline{rm MS}$-like scheme, which handles rapidity divergences while maintaining the homogeneity of the power expansion. We find that power-law rapidity divergences appear at subleading power, which give rise to derivatives of parton distribution functions. As a concrete example, we consider the $q_T$ spectrum for color-singlet production, for which we compute the complete $q_T^2/Q^2$ suppressed power corrections at $mathcal{O}(alpha_s)$, including both logarithmic and nonlogarithmic terms. Our results also represent an important first step towards carrying out a resummation of subleading-power rapidity logarithms.
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The study of amplitudes and cross sections in the soft and collinear limits allows for an understanding of their all orders behavior, and the identification of universal structures. At leading power soft emissions are eikonal, and described by Wilson lines. Beyond leading power the eikonal approximation breaks down, soft fermions must be added, and soft radiation resolves the nature of the energetic partons from which they were emitted. For both subleading power soft gluon and quark emissions, we use the soft collinear effective theory (SCET) to derive an all orders gauge invariant bare factorization, at both amplitude and cross section level. This yields universal multilocal matrix elements, which we refer to as radiative functions. These appear from subleading power Lagrangians inserted along the lightcone which dress the leading power Wilson lines. The use of SCET enables us to determine the complete set of radiative functions that appear to $mathcal{O}(lambda^2)$ in the power expansion, to all orders in $alpha_s$. For the particular case of event shape observables in $e^+e^-to$ dijets we derive how the radiative functions contribute to the factorized cross section to $mathcal{O}(lambda^2)$.
Starting from the first renormalized factorization theorem for a process described at subleading power in soft-collinear effective theory, we discuss the resummation of Sudakov logarithms for such processes in renormalization-group improved perturbation theory. Endpoint divergences in convolution integrals, which arise generically beyond leading power, are regularized and removed by systematically rearranging the factorization formula. We study in detail the example of the $b$-quark induced $htogammagamma$ decay of the Higgs boson, for which we resum large logarithms of the ratio $M_h/m_b$ at next-to-leading logarithmic order. We also briefly discuss the related $ggto h$ amplitude.
$N$-jettiness subtractions provide a general approach for performing fully-differential next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) calculations. Since they are based on the physical resolution variable $N$-jettiness, $mathcal{T}_N$, subleading power corrections in $tau=mathcal{T}_N/Q$, with $Q$ a hard interaction scale, can also be systematically computed. We study the structure of power corrections for $0$-jettiness, $mathcal{T}_0$, for the $ggto H$ process. Using the soft-collinear effective theory we analytically compute the leading power corrections $alpha_s tau lntau$ and $alpha_s^2 tau ln^3tau$ (finding partial agreement with a previous result in the literature), and perform a detailed numerical study of the power corrections in the $gg$, $gq$, and $qbar q$ channels. This includes a numerical extraction of the $alpha_stau$ and $alpha_s^2 tau ln^2tau$ corrections, and a study of the dependence on the $mathcal{T}_0$ definition. Including such power suppressed logarithms significantly reduces the size of missing power corrections, and hence improves the numerical efficiency of the subtraction method. Having a more detailed understanding of the power corrections for both $qbar q$ and $gg$ initiated processes also provides insight into their universality, and hence their behavior in more complicated processes where they have not yet been analytically calculated.
Building on the recent derivation of a bare factorization theorem for the $b$-quark induced contribution to the $htogammagamma$ decay amplitude based on soft-collinear effective theory, we derive the first renormalized factorization theorem for a process described at subleading power in scale ratios, where $lambda=m_b/M_hll 1$ in our case. We prove two refactorization conditions for a matching coefficient and an operator matrix element in the endpoint region, where they exhibit singularities giving rise to divergent convolution integrals. The refactorization conditions ensure that the dependence of the decay amplitude on the rapidity regulator, which regularizes the endpoint singularities, cancels out to all orders of perturbation theory. We establish the renormalized form of the factorization formula, proving that extra contributions arising from the fact that endpoint regularization does not commute with renormalization can be absorbed, to all orders, by a redefinition of one of the matching coefficients. We derive the renormalization-group evolution equation satisfied by all quantities in the factorization formula and use them to predict the large logarithms of order $alpha{hspace{0.3mm}}alpha_s^2{hspace{0.3mm}} L^k$ in the three-loop decay amplitude, where $L=ln(-M_h^2/m_b^2)$ and $k=6,5,4,3$. We find perfect agreement with existing numerical results for the amplitude and analytical results for the three-loop contributions involving a massless quark loop. On the other hand, we disagree with the results of previous attempts to predict the series of subleading logarithms $simalpha{hspace{0.3mm}}alpha_s^n{hspace{0.3mm}} L^{2n+1}$.
We derive and solve renormalization group equations that allow for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms. Our equations involve operator mixing into a new class of operators, which we term the rapidity identity operators, that will generically appear at subleading power in problems involving both rapidity and virtuality scales. To illustrate our formalism, we analytically solve these equations to resum the power suppressed logarithms appearing in the back-to-back (double light cone) limit of the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC) in $mathcal{N}$=4 super-Yang-Mills. These logarithms can also be extracted to $mathcal{O}(alpha_s^3)$ from a recent perturbative calculation, and we find perfect agreement to this order. Instead of the standard Sudakov exponential, our resummed result for the subleading power logarithms is expressed in terms of Dawsons integral, with an argument related to the cusp anomalous dimension. We call this functional form Dawsons Sudakov. Our formalism is widely applicable for the resummation of subleading power rapidity logarithms in other more phenomenologically relevant observables, such as the EEC in QCD, the $p_T$ spectrum for color singlet boson production at hadron colliders, and the resummation of power suppressed logarithms in the Regge limit.
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