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Register a new userA gravitational redshift test using eccentric Galileo satellites
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Pac\\^ome Delva Dr.
Publication date
2018
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We report on a new test of the gravitational redshift and thus of local position invariance, an integral part of the Einstein equivalence principle, which is the foundation of general relativity and all metric theories of gravitation. We use data spanning 1008 days from two satellites of Galileo, Europes global satellite navigation system (GNSS), which were launched in 2014, but accidentally delivered on elliptic rather than circular orbits. The resulting modulation of the gravitational redshift of the onboard atomic clocks allows the redshift determination with high accuracy. Additionally specific laser ranging campaigns to the two satellites have enabled a good estimation of systematic effects related to orbit uncertainties. Together with a careful conservative modelling and control of other systematic effects we measure the fractional deviation of the gravitational redshift from the prediction by general relativity to be $(+0.19 pm 2.48)times10^{-5}$ at 1 sigma, improving the best previous test by a factor~5.6. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported improvement on one of the longest standing results in experimental gravitation, the Gravity Probe A hydrogen maser rocket experiment back in 1976.
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On August 22, 2014, the satellites GSAT-0201 and GSAT-0202 of the European GNSS Galileo were unintentionally launched into eccentric orbits. Unexpectedly, this has become a fortunate scientific opportunity since the onboard hydrogen masers allow for a sensitive test of the redshift predicted by the theory of general relativity. In the present Letter we describe an analysis of approximately three years of data from these satellites including three different clocks. For one of these we determine the test parameter quantifying a potential violation of the combined effects of the gravitational redshift and the relativistic Doppler shift. The uncertainty of our result is reduced by more than a factor 4 as compared to the values of Gravity Probe A obtained in 1976.
Current limits on violation of local Lorentz invariance in the photon sector are derived mainly from experiments that search for a spatial anisotropy in the speed of light. The presently operating gravitational wave detectors are Michelson interferometers with long effective arms, 4e5 m, and sensitive to a fringe shift 2e-9. Therefore they can be used to test for a difference in the speed of light in the two arms, as modulated bi-annualy by the orientation of the Earths velocity with respect to the direction of motion of the local system. A limit can be set on the Robertson-Mansouri-Sexl parameter PMM < 10e-15, as compared to its present limit of PMM < 2e-10, an improvement of five orders of magnitude.
We show that Wolf et al.s 2011 analysis in Class. Quant. Grav. v28, 145017 does not support their conclusions, in particular that there is no redshift effect in atom interferometers except in inconsistent dual Lagrangian formalisms. Wolf et al. misapply both Schiffs conjecture and the results of their own analysis when they conclude that atom interferometers are tests of the weak equivalence principle which only become redshift tests if Schiffs conjecture is invalid. Atom interferometers are direct redshift tests in any formalism.
I review some of the major developments in the theoretical background and experimental uses of binary pulsars to explore local Lorentz invariance in the gravitational sector and its possible violation.
Detection of gravitational waves (GW) from highly eccentric binary black hole (BBH) systems can provide insight into their dynamics and formation. To date, no BBH systems have been detected with eccentricity $e > 0.1$, making it difficult to constrain their formation pathways. Current search methods used by ground based GW detectors are not equipped to detect highly eccentric sources. Template based, matched-filter searches lack reliable highly eccentric waveform models. Unmodeled burst searches are designed to detected localized excess power and are unable to identify multiple isolated bursts as originating from a single highly eccentric BBH. Therefore, we propose a signal based prior that can be incorporated into an existing GW burst search to target highly eccentric BBHs. Our eccentric burst prior is based on the Newtonian burst model described by Loutrel & Yunes (2017). As a proof of concept, we tested our method on simulated data and found that for intermediate SNR $sim3-6$ using the eccentric burst prior more effectively localized GW bursts compared to a uniform prior.
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