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We present an overview of Short-Range Correlations (SRC) studies using the inclusive measurement of the electron scattering off nuclei. A brief introduction of the origin of the SRC is given, followed by the survey of the two-nucleon SRC (2N-SRC) study and its interesting connection to the EMC effect. A discussion of the three-nucleon SRC study (3N-SRC) measured by the Jefferson Labs Hall B and Hall C experiments which showed contradictory results is given and, most importantly, we report a new result from the Hall A E08-014 experiment which was dedicated on studying 3N-SRC. Our high precision 4He/3He cross section ratios at the x > 2 region do not show a 3N-SRC plateau as predicted by the naive SRC model. To further investigate the 3N-SRC as well as the Isospin effect of the SRC, we have designed several approved experiments in Hall A and in Hall C, including the Tritium experiments using the mirror nuclei (3H and 3He) which are currently running in Hall A.
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Nuclear dynamics at short distances is one of the most fascinating topics of strong interaction physics. The physics of it is closely related to the understanding the role of the QCD in generating nuclear forces at short distances as well as understanding the dynamics of the super-dense cold nuclear matter relevant to the interior of neutron stars. With an emergence of high energy electron and proton beams there is a significant recent progress in high energy nuclear scattering experiments aimed at studies of short-range structure of nuclei. This in turn stimulated new theoretical studies resulting in the observation of several new phenomena specific to the short range structure of nuclei. In this work we review recent theoretical and experimental progress in studies of short-range correlations in nuclei and their importance for advancing our understanding of the dynamics of nuclear interactions at small distances.
The ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is optimized for recording events in the very large particle multiplicity environment of heavy-ion collisions at LHC energies. The ALICE collaboration has taken data in Pb-Pb collisions in Run I and Run II at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies $sqrt{s_{text{NN}}}$ = 2.76 and mbox{5.02 TeV}, respectively, and in pp collisions at center-of-mass energies $sqrt{s}$ = 0.9, 2.76, 5.02, 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The asymmetric system p-Pb was measured at a center-of-mass energy $sqrt{s_{text{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV. Selected physics results from the analysis of these data are presented, and an outline of the ALICE prospects for Run III is given.
High-momentum configurations of nucleon pairs at short-distance are probed using measurements of the $^{12}$C$(e,ep)$ and $^{12}$C$(e,epN)$ reactions (where $N$ is either $n$ or $p$), at high-$Q^2$ and $x_B>1.1$. The data span a missing-momentum range of 300--1000 MeV/c and are predominantly sensitive to the transition region of the strong nuclear interaction from a Tensor to Scalar interaction. The data are well reproduced by theoretical calculations using the Generalized Contact Formalism with both chiral and phenomenological nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interaction models. This agreement suggests that the measured high missing-momentum protons up to $1000$ MeV/c predominantly belong to short-ranged correlated (SRC) pairs. The measured $^{12}$C$(e,epN)$ / $^{12}$C$(e,ep)$ and $^{12}$C$(e,epp)$ / $^{12}$C$(e,epn)$ cross-section ratios are consistent with a decrease in the fraction of proton-neutron SRC pairs and increase in the fraction of proton-proton SRC pairs with increasing missing momentum. This confirms the transition from an isospin-dependent tensor $NN$ interaction at $sim 400$ MeV/c to an isospin-independent scalar interaction at high-momentum around $sim 800$ MeV/c as predicted by theoretical calculation.
The experiment, E08-014, in Hall-A at Jefferson Lab aims to study the short-range correlations (SRC) which are necessary to explain the nuclear strength absent in the mean field theory. The cross sections for $mathrm{^{2}H}$, $mathrm{^{3}He}$, $mathrm{^{4}He}$, $mathrm{^{12}C}$, $mathrm{^{40}Ca}$ and $mathrm{^{48}Ca}$, were measured via inclusive quasielastic electron scattering from these nuclei in a $mathrm{Q^{2}}$ range between 0.8 and $mathrm{2.8~(GeV/c)^{2}}$ for $x_{bj}>1$. The cross section ratios of heavy nuclei to $mathrm{^{2}H}$ were extracted to study two-nucleon SRC for $1<x_{bj}<2$, while the study of three-nucleon SRC was carried out from the cross section ratios of heavy nuclei to $mathrm{^{3}He}$ for $x_{bj}ge 2$. Meanwhile, the isospin dependence in SRCs has also been examined through the cross section ratio of $mathrm{^{48}Ca}$ and $mathrm{^{40}Ca}$.
Three nucleon short range correlations~(SRCs) are one of the most elusive structures in nuclei. Their observation and the subsequent study of their internal makeup will have a significant impact on our understanding of the dynamics of super-dense nuclear matter which exists at the cores of neutron stars. We discuss the kinematic conditions and observables that are most favorable for probing 3N-SRCs in inclusive electro-nuclear processes and make a prediction for a quadratic dependence of the probabilities of finding a nucleon in 2N- and 3N- SRCs. We demonstrate that this prediction is consistent with the limited high energy experimental data available, suggesting that we have observed, for the first time, 3N-SRCs in electro-nuclear processes. Our analysis enables us to extract $a_3(A,Z)$, the probability of finding 3N-SRCs in nuclei relative to the A=3 system.
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