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Register a new userFirst Integrated Implosion Experiment of Three-Axis Cylindrical Hohlraum at the SGIII Laser Facility
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The first integrated implosion experiment of three-axis cylindrical hohlraum (TACH) was accomplished at the SGIII laser facility. 24 laser beams of the SGIII laser facility were carefully chosen and quasi-symmetrically injected into the TACH, in which a highly symmetric radiation filed was generated with a peak radiation temperature of ~190eV. Driven by the radiation field, the neutron yield of a deuterium gas filled capsule reached ~1e9, and the corresponding yield over clean (YOC) was ~40% for a convergence ratio (Cr) of ~17. The X-ray self-emission image of imploded capsule cores was nearly round, and the backscatter fraction of laser beams was less than 1.25%. This experiment preliminarily demonstrated the major performance of TACH, such as the robustness of symmetry, and a laser plasma instability (LPI) behavior similar to that of the outer ring of traditional cylindrical hohlraum.
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A novel ignition hohlraum named three-axis cylindrical hohlraum (TACH) is designed for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. TACH is a kind of 6 laser entrance holes (LEHs) hohlraum, which is orthogonally jointed of three cylindrical hohlraums. The first experiment on the radiation field of TACH was performed on Shenguang III laser facility. 24 laser beams were elected and injected into 6 LEHs quasi-symmetrically. Total laser energy was about 59 kJ, and the peak radiation temperature reached about 192 eV. Radiation temperature and pinhole images in gas-filled hohlraum are largely identical but with minor differences with those in vacuum hohlraum. All laser energy can be totally delivered into hohlraum in 3 ns duration even without filled gas in the hohlraum of 1.4 mm diameter. Plasma filling cannot be obviously suppressed even with 0.5 atm pressure gas in the small hohlraum. Backscattering fractions of vacuum hohlraum and gas-filled hohlraum are both lower than 2%. Experimental study of this new kind of hohlraum can provide guidance for future target design and implosion experiment.
A novel ignition hohlraum for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion is proposed, which is named as three-axis cylindrical hohlraum (TACH). TACH is a kind of 6 laser entrance holes (LEHs) hohlraum, which is made of three cylindrical hohlraums orthogonally jointed. Laser beams are injected through every entrance hole with the same incident angle of 55{deg}. The view-factor simulation result shows that the time-varying drive asymmetry of TACH is no more than 1.0% in the whole drive pulse period without any supplementary technology such as beam phasing etc. Its coupling efficiency of TACH is close to that of 6 LEHs spherical hohlraum with corresponding size. Its plasma-filling time is close to typical cylindrical ignition hohlraum. Its laser plasma interaction has as low backscattering as the outer cone of the cylindrical ignition hohlraum. Therefore, the proposed hohlraum provides a competitive candidate for ignition hohlraum.
The radiation symmetry and laser-plasma instabilities (LPIs) inside the conventional cylindrical hohlraum configuration are the two daunting challenges on the approach to ignition in indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion. Recently, near-vacuum cylindrical hohlraum (NVCH), octahedral spherical hohlraum (SH) and novel three-axis cylindrical hohlraum (TACH) were proposed to mitigate these issues. While the coupling efficiency might still be a critical risk. In this paper, an advanced three-axis elliptical hohlraum (TAEH) is proposed to make a compromise among these hohlraum performance. Preliminary simulations indicate that the TAEH (with a case-to-capsule ratio, CCR=2.8) could provide excellent radiation symmetry during the thorough laser pulse of the high-foot drive, comparable to the ones inside the SH (CCR=5.1) and TACH (CCR=2.2). The filling time of plasma affecting the LPIs is between those of SH and TACH, and about 1.5 times of that in the ignition hohlraum Rev5-CH of NIC and close to the one inside the NVCH (CCR=3.4). In particular, the coupling efficiency is about 22%, 29% and 17% higher than the one inside the NVCH, SH and TACH, respectively. It would be envisioned that the proposed hohlraum configuration merits consideration as an alternative route to indirect-drive ignition, complementary to the traditional cylindrical hohlraum and the proposed recently novel hohlraums.
To indirectly evaluate the asymmetry of the radiation drive under limited measurement conditions in inertial confinement fusion research, we have proposed an integral method to approximate the three-dimensional self-radiation distribution of the compressed plasma core using only four pinhole images from a single laser entrance hole at a maximum projection angle of 10{deg}. The simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) that uses spatial constraints provided by the prior structural information and the central pinhole image is utilized in the simulation. The simulation results showed that the normalized mean square deviation between the original distribution and reconstruction results of the central radiation area of the simulated cavity was 0.4401, and the structural similarity of the cavity radiation distribution was 0.5566. Meanwhile, using more diagnostic holes could achieve better structural similarity and lower reconstruction error. In addition, the results indicated that our new proposed method could reconstruct the distribution of a compressed plasma core in a vacuum hohlraum with high accuracy.
Hot dense capsule implosions driven by z-pinch x-rays have been measured for the first time. A ~220 eV dynamic hohlraum imploded 1.7-2.1 mm diameter gas-filled CH capsules which absorbed up to ~20 kJ of x-rays. Argon tracer atom spectra were used to measure the Te~ 1keV electron temperature and the ne ~ 1-4 x10^23 cm-3 electron density. Spectra from multiple directions provide core symmetry estimates. Computer simulations agree well with the peak compression values of Te, ne, and symmetry, indicating reasonable understanding of the hohlraum and implosion physics.
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