No Arabic abstract
The Symmetries of Feynman Integrals (SFI) is a method for evaluating Feynman Integrals which exposes a novel continuous group associated with the diagram which depends only on its topology and acts on its parameters. Using this method we study the kite diagram, a two-loop diagram with two external legs, with arbitrary masses and spacetime dimension. Generically, this method reduces a Feynman integral into a line integral over simpler diagrams. We identify a locus in parameter space where the integral further reduces to a mere linear combination of simpler diagrams, thereby maximally generalizing the known massless case.
The Symmetries of Feynman Integrals method (SFI) associates a natural Lie group with any diagram, depending only on its topology. The group acts on parameter space and the method determines the integrals dependence within group orbits. This paper analyzes the two-loop vacuum diagram. It is shown how the solution of the SFI equations practically reproduces the most general value of the integral. On the way certain novel derivations are found, a geometrical interpretation is described, and divergences in general dimension are analyzed. These would hopefully be useful for engaging with more involved diagrams.
We study the most general triangle diagram through the Symmetries of Feynman Integrals (SFI) approach. The SFI equation system is obtained and presented in a simple basis. The system is solved providing a novel derivation of an essentially known expression. We stress a description of the underlying geometry in terms of the Distance Geometry of a tetrahedron discussed by Davydychev-Delbourgo [1], a tetrahedron which is the dual on-shell diagram. In addition, the singular locus is identified and the diagrams value on the locuss two components is expressed as a linear combination of descendant bubble diagrams. The massless triangle and the associated magic connection are revisited.
The Symmetries of Feynman Integrals (SFI) method is extended for the first time to incorporate an irreducible numerator. This is done in the context of the so-called vacuum and propagator seagull diagrams, which have 3 and 2 loops, respectively, and both have a single irreducible numerator. For this purpose, an extended version of SFI (xSFI) is developed. For the seagull diagrams with general masses, the SFI equation system is found to extend by two additional equations. The first is a recursion equation in the numerator power, which has an alternative form as a differential equation for the generating function. The second equation applies only to the propagator seagull and does not involve the numerator. We solve the equation system in two cases: over the singular locus and in a certain 3 scale sector where we obtain novel closed-form evaluations and epsilon expansions, thereby extending previous results for the numerator-free case.
We initiate the study of cluster algebras in Feynman integrals in dimensional regularization. We provide evidence that four-point Feynman integrals with one off-shell leg are described by a $C_{2}$ cluster algebra, and we find cluster adjacency relations that restrict the allowed function space. By embedding $C_{2}$ inside the $A_3$ cluster algebra, we identify these adjacencies with the extended Steinmann relations for six-particle massless scattering. The cluster algebra connection we find restricts the functions space for vector boson or Higgs plus jet amplitudes, and for form factors recently considered in $mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills. We explain general procedures for studying relationships between alphabets of generalized polylogarithmic functions and cluster algebras, and use them to provide various identifications of one-loop alphabets with cluster algebras. In particular, we show how one can obtain one-loop alphabets for five-particle scattering from a recently discussed dual conformal eight-particle alphabet related to the $G(4,8)$ cluster algebra.
We elucidate the vector space (twisted relative cohomology) that is Poincare dual to the vector space of Feynman integrals (twisted cohomology) in general spacetime dimension. The pairing between these spaces - an algebraic invariant called the intersection number - extracts integral coefficients for a minimal basis, bypassing the generation of integration-by-parts identities. Dual forms turn out to be much simpler than their Feynman counterparts: they are supported on maximal cuts of various sub-topologies (boundaries). Thus, they provide a systematic approach to generalized unitarity, the reconstruction of amplitudes from on-shell data. In this paper, we introduce the idea of dual forms and study their mathematical structures. As an application, we derive compact differential equations satisfied by arbitrary one-loop integrals in non-integer spacetime dimension. A second paper of this series will detail intersection pairings and their use to extract integral coefficients.