Diluted magnetic semiconductors are materials well known to exhibit strong correlations which typically manifest in carrier-mediated magnetic ordering. In this Rapid Communication, we show that the interaction between excitons and magnetic impurities in these materials is even strong enough to cause a significant deviation from the bare exciton picture in linear absorption spectra of quantum well nanostructures. It is found that exciton-impurity correlations induce a characteristic fingerprint in the form of an additional feature close to the exciton resonance in combination with a shift of the main exciton line of up to a few meV. We trace back these features to the form of the self-energy and demonstrate that reliable values of the average correlation energy per exciton can be extracted directly from the spectra. Since the only requirement for our findings is sufficiently strong correlations, the results can be generalized to other strongly correlated systems.
We present a dynamical model that successfully explains the observed time evolution of the magnetization in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum wells after weak laser excitation. Based on the pseudo-fermion formalism and a second order many-particle expansion of the exact p-d exchange interaction, our approach goes beyond the usual mean-field approximation. It includes both the sub-picosecond demagnetization dynamics and the slower relaxation processes which restore the initial ferromagnetic order in a nanosecond time scale. In agreement with experimental results, our numerical simulations show that, depending on the value of the initial lattice temperature, a subsequent enhancement of the total magnetization may be observed within a time scale of few hundreds of picoseconds.
We report on experimental evidence of the Berry phase accumulated by the charge carrier wave function in single-domain nanowires made from a (Ga,Mn)(As,P) diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor layer. Its signature on the mesoscopic transport measurements is revealed as unusual patterns in the magnetoconductance, that are clearly distinguished from the universal conductance fluctuations. We show that these patterns appear in a magnetic field region where the magnetization rotates coherently and are related to a change in the band-structure Berry phase as the magnetization direction changes. They should be thus considered as a band structure Berry phase fingerprint of the effective magnetic monopoles in the momentum space. We argue that this is an efficient method to vary the band structure in a controlled way and to probe it directly. Hence, (Ga,Mn)As appears to be a very interesting test bench for new concepts based on this geometrical phase.
We performed ultrafast degenerate pump-probe spectroscopy on monolayer WSe2 near its exciton resonance. The observed differential reflectance signals exhibit signatures of strong many-body interactions including the exciton-exciton interaction and free carrier induced band gap renormalization. The exciton-exciton interaction results in a resonance blue shift which lasts for the exciton lifetime (several ps), while the band gap renormalization manifests as a resonance red shift with several tens ps lifetime. Our model based on the many-body interactions for the nonlinear optical susceptibility fits well the experimental observations. The power dependence of the spectra shows that with the increase of pump power, the exciton population increases linearly and then saturates, while the free carrier density increases superlinearly, implying that exciton Auger recombination could be the origin of these free carriers. Our model demonstrates a simple but efficient method for quantitatively analyzing the spectra, and indicates the important role of Coulomb interactions in nonlinear optical responses of such 2D materials.
The doping of semiconductors with magnetic impurities gives rise not only to a spin-spin interaction between quasi-free carriers and magnetic impurities, but also to a local spin-independent disorder potential for the carriers. Based on a quantum kinetic theory for the carrier and impurity density matrices as well as the magnetic and non-magnetic carrier-impurity correlations, the influence of the non-magnetic scattering potential on the spin dynamics in DMS after optical excitation with circularly polarized light is investigated using the example of Mn-doped CdTe. It is shown that non-Markovian effects, which are predicted in calculations where only the magnetic carrier-impurity interaction is accounted for, can be strongly suppressed in the presence of non-magnetic impurity scattering. This effect can be traced back to a significant redistribution of carriers in $mathbf{k}$-space which is enabled by the build-up of large carrier-impurity correlation energies. A comparison with the Markov limit of the quantum kinetic theory shows that, in the presence of an external magnetic field parallel to the initial carrier polarization, the asymptotic value of the spin polarization at long times is significantly different in the quantum kinetic and the Markovian calculations. This effect can also be attributed to the formation of strong correlations which invalidates the semiclassical Markovian picture and it is stronger when the non-magnetic carrier-impurity interaction is accounted for. In an external magnetic field perpendicular to the initial carrier spin, the correlations are also responsible for a renormalization of the carrier spin precession frequency.
We study the photoluminescence (PL) of a two-dimensional liquid of oriented dipolar excitons in In_{x}Ga_{1-x}As coupled double quantum wells confined to a microtrap. Generating excitons outside the trap and transferring them at lattice temperatures down to T = 240 mK into the trap we create cold quasi-equilibrium bosonic ensembles of some 1000 excitons with thermal de Broglie wavelengths exceeding the excitonic separation. With decreasing temperature and increasing density n <= 5*10^10 cm^{-2} we find an increasingly asymmetric PL lineshape with a sharpening blue edge and a broad red tail which we interpret to reflect correlated behavior mediated by dipolar interactions. From the PL intensity I(E) below the PL maximum at E_{0} we extract at T < 5 K a distinct power law I(E) sim (E_{0}-E)^-|alpha| with -|alpha|sim -0.8 in the range E_{0}-E of 1.5-4 meV, comparable to the dipolar interaction energy.
Florian Ungar
,Moritz Cygorek
,Vollrath Martin Axt
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(2018)
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"Many-body correlations brought to light in absorption spectra of diluted magnetic semiconductors"
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Florian Ungar
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