No Arabic abstract
We present a theoretical study of electronic transport in a hybrid junction consisting of an excitonic insulator sandwiched between a normal and a superconducting electrode. The normal region is described as a two-band semimetal and the superconducting lead as a two-band superconductor. In the excitonic insulator region, the coupling between carriers in the two bands leads to an excitonic condensate and a gap $Gamma$ in the quasiparticle spectrum. We identify four different scattering processes at both interfaces. Two types of normal reflection, intra- and inter-band; and two different Andreev reflections, one retro-reflective within the same band and one specular-reflective between the two bands. We calculate the differential conductance of the structure and show the existence of a minimum at voltages of the order of the excitonic gap. Our findings are useful towards the detection of the excitonic condensate and provide a plausible explanation of recent transport experiments on HgTe quantum wells and InAs/GaSb bilayer systems.
In this work, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of a hybrid junction realised coupling surface states of a three-dimensional topological insulator with a conventional $s$-wave superconductor. We focus on the ballistic devices and study the quasiparticle flow, carrying both electric and thermal currents, adopting a scattering matrix approach based on conventional Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk formalism. We calculate the cooling efficiency of the junction as a function of the microscopic parameters of the normal region (i.e. the chemical potential etc.). The cooling power increases when moving from a regime of Andreev specular-reflection to a regime where Andreev retro-reflection dominates. Differently from the case of a conventional N/S interface, we can achieve efficient cooling of the normal region, without including any explicit impurity scattering at the interface, to increase normal reflection.
We investigate the Josephson radiation emitted by a junction made of a quantum dot coupled to two conventional superconductors. Close to resonance, the particle-hole symmetric Andreev states that form in the junction are detached from the continuum above the superconducting gap in the leads, while a gap between them opens near the Fermi level. Under voltage bias, we formulate a stochastic model that accounts for non-adiabatic processes, which change the occupations of the Andreev states. This model allows calculating the current noise spectrum and determining the Fano factor. Analyzing the finite-frequency noise, we find that the model may exhibit either an integer or a fractional AC Josephson effect, depending on the bias voltage and the size of the gaps in the Andreev spectrum. Our results assess the limitations in using the fractional Josephson radiation as a probe of topology.
A ferromagnetic insulator (FI) attached to a conventional superconductor (S) changes drastically the properties of the latter. Specifically, the exchange field at the FI/S interface leads to a splitting of the superconducting density of states. If S is a superconducting film, thinner than the superconducting coherence length, the modification of the density of states occurs over the whole sample. The co-existence of the exchange splitting and superconducting correlations in S/FI structures leads to striking transport phenomena that are of interest for applications in thermoelectricity, superconducting spintronics and radiation sensors. Here we review the most recent progress in understanding the transport properties of FI/S structures by presenting a complete theoretical framework based on the quasiclassical kinetic equations. We discuss the coupling between the electronic degrees of freedom, charge, spin and energy, under non-equilibrium conditions and its manifestation in thermoelectricity and spin-dependent transport.
We analyze the charge and spin transport through a ballistic ferromagnet/insulator/superconductor junction by means of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. For the ferromagnetic side we assume that ferromagnetism may be driven by an unequal mass renormalization of oppositely polarized carriers, i.e. a spin bandwidth asymmetry, and/or by a rigid splitting of up-and down-spin electron bands, as in a standard Stoner ferromagnet, whereas the superconducting side is assumed to exhibit a d-wave symmetry of the order parameter, which can be pure or accompanied by a minority component breaking time-reversal symmetry. Several remarkable features in the charge conductance arise in this kind of junction, providing useful information about the mechanism of ferromagnetism in the ferromagnetic electrode, as well as of the order parameter symmetry in the superconducting one. In particular, we show that when a time-reversal symmetry breaking superconductor is considered, the use of the two kinds of ferromagnet mentioned above represents a valuable tool to discriminate between the different superconducting mixed states. We also explain how this junction may mimic a switch able to turn on and off a spin current, leaving the charge conductance unchanged, and we show that for a wide range of insulating barrier strengths, a spin bandwidth asymmetry ferromagnet may support a spin current larger than a standard Stoner one.
Transport properties of a superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor (S-Sm-S) junction with superlattice structure are investigated. Differential resistance as a function of voltage shows oscillatory behavior under the irradiation of radio-frequency (RF) waves with the specific frequency of 1.77 GHz regardless of the superconducting materials and the junction lengths. Experimental data are quantitatively explained in terms of the coupling of superconducting quasiparticles with long-wavelength acoustic phonons indirectly excited by the RF waves. We propose that the strong coupling causes the formation of novel composite particles, Andreev polarons.