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Register a new userElectrically induced and detected Neel vector reversal in a collinear antiferromagnet
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Electrical detection of the 180 deg spin reversal, which is the basis of the operation of ferromagnetic memories, is among the outstanding challenges in the research of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Analogous effects to the ferromagnetic giant or tunneling magnetoresistance have not yet been realized in antiferromagnetic multilayers. Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), which has been recently employed for spin reversal detection in non-collinear antiferromagnets, is limited to materials that crystalize in ferromagnetic symmetry groups. Here we demonstrate electrical detection of the 180 deg Neel vector reversal in CuMnAs which comprises two collinear spin sublattices and belongs to an antiferromagnetic symmetry group with no net magnetic moment. We detect the spin reversal by measuring a second-order magnetotransport coefficient whose presence is allowed in systems with broken space inversion symmetry. The phenomenology of the non-linear transport effect we observe in CuMnAs is consistent with a microscopic scenario combining anisotropic magneto-resistance (AMR) with a transient tilt of the Neel vector due to a current-induced, staggered spin-orbit field. We use the same staggered spin-orbit field, but of a higher amplitude, for the electrical switching between reversed antiferromagnetic states which are stable and show no sign of decay over 25 hour probing times.
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Metallic antiferromagnets with broken inversion symmetry on the two sublattices, strong spin-orbit coupling and high N{e}el temperatures offer new opportunities for applications in spintronics. Especially Mn$_{2}$Au, with high N{e}el temperature and conductivity, is particularly interesting for real-world applications. Here, manipulation of the orientation of the staggered magnetization,textit{ i.e.} the N{e}el vector, by current pulses has been recently demonstrated, with the read-out limited to studies of anisotropic magnetoresistance or X-ray magnetic linear dichroism. Here, we report on the in-plane reflectivity anisotropy of Mn$_{2}$Au (001) films, which were N{e}el vector aligned in pulsed magnetic fields. In the near-infrared, the anisotropy is $approx$ 0.6%, with higher reflectivity for the light polarized along the N{e}el vector. The observed magnetic linear dichroism is about four times larger than the anisotropic magnetoresistance. This suggests the dichroism in Mn$_{2}$Au is a result of the strong spin-orbit interactions giving rise to anisotropy of interband optical transitions, in-line with recent studies of electronic band-structure. The considerable magnetic linear dichroism in the near-infrared could be used for ultrafast optical read-out of the N{e}el vector in Mn$_{2}$Au.
The two dimensional kagome spin lattice structure of Mn atoms in the family of Mn$_3$X non-collinear antiferromagnets are providing substantial excitement in the exploration of Berry curvature physics and the associated non-trivial magnetotransport responses. Much of these studies are performed in the hexagonal systems, mainly Mn$_3$Sn and Mn$_3$Ge, with the kagome planes having their normal along the [001] direction. In this manuscript, we report our study in the cubic Mn$_3$Pt thin films with their kagome planes normal to the [111] crystal axis. Our studies reveal a hole conduction dominant Hall response with a non-monotonic temperature dependence of anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC), increasing from 9 $Omega^{-1}$cm$^{-1}$ at room temperature to 29 $Omega^{-1}$cm$^{-1}$ at 100 K, followed by a drop and unexpected sign-reversal at lower temperatures. Similar sign reversal is also observed in magnetoresistance measurements. We attribute this sign reversal to the transition from a Berry curvature dominated AHC at high temperature to a weak canted ferromagnetic AHC response at lower temperature, below 70 K, caused by the reorientation of Mn moments out of the kagome plane. Our above results in thin films of Mn$_3$Pt make advances in their integration with room temperature antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking is the basic physics concept underpinning many magnetic topological phenomena such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and its quantized variant. The AHE has been primarily accompanied by a ferromagnetic dipole moment, which hinders the topological quantum states and limits data density in memory devices, or by a delicate noncollinear magnetic order with strong spin decoherence, both limiting their applicability. A potential breakthrough is the recent theoretical prediction of the AHE arising from collinear antiferromagnetism in an anisotropic crystal environment. This new mechanism does not require magnetic dipolar or noncollinear fields. However, it has not been experimentally observed to date. Here we demonstrate this unconventional mechanism by measuring the AHE in an epilayer of a rutile collinear antiferromagnet RuO$_2$. The observed anomalous Hall conductivity is large, exceeding 300 S/cm, and is in agreement with the Berry phase topological transport contribution. Our results open a new unexplored chapter of time-reversal symmetry breaking phenomena in the abundant class of collinear antiferromagnetic materials.
We show that in pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (pEDMR) signal modulation in combination with a lock-in detection scheme can reduce the low-frequency noise level by one order of magnitude and in addition removes the microwave-induced non-resonant background. This is exemplarily demonstrated for spin-echo measurements in phosphorus-doped Silicon. The modulation of the signal is achieved by cycling the phase of the projection pulse used in pEDMR for the read-out of the spin state.
We resolve the domain-wall structure of the model antiferromagnet $text{Cr}_2text{O}_3$ using nanoscale scanning diamond magnetometry and second-harmonic-generation microscopy. We find that the 180$^circ$ domain walls are predominantly Bloch-like, and can co-exist with Neel walls in crystals with significant in-plane anisotropy. In the latter case, Neel walls that run perpendicular to a magnetic easy axis acquire a well-defined chirality. We further report quantitative measurement of the domain-wall width and surface magnetization. Our results provide fundamental input and an experimental methodology for the understanding of domain walls in pure, intrinsic antiferromagnets, which is relevant to achieve electrical control of domain-wall motion in antiferromagnetic compounds.
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