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Register a new userHyperspherical ${deltatext{-}delta^prime}$ potentials
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Added by
Jose M Munoz-Castaneda
Publication date
2018
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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The spherically symmetric potential $a ,delta (r-r_0)+b,delta (r-r_0)$ is generalised for the $d$-dimensional space as a characterisation of a unique selfadjoint extension of the free Hamiltonian. For this extension of the Dirac delta, the spectrum of negative, zero and positive energy states is studied in $dgeq 2$, providing numerical results for the expectation value of the radius as a function of the free parameters of the potential. Remarkably, only if $d=2$ the $delta$-$delta$ potential for arbitrary $a>0$ admits a bound state with zero angular momentum.
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We consider the semi-classical limit of the quantum evolution of Gaussian coherent states whenever the Hamiltonian $mathsf H$ is given, as sum of quadratic forms, by $mathsf H= -frac{hbar^{2}}{2m},frac{d^{2},}{dx^{2}},dot{+},alphadelta_{0}$, with $alphainmathbb R$ and $delta_{0}$ the Dirac delta-distribution at $x=0$. We show that the quantum evolution can be approximated, uniformly for any time away from the collision time and with an error of order $hbar^{3/2-lambda}$, $0!<!lambda!<!3/2$, by the quasi-classical evolution generated by a self-adjoint extension of the restriction to $mathcal C^{infty}_{c}({mathscr M}_{0})$, ${mathscr M}_{0}:={(q,p)!in!mathbb R^{2},|,q! ot=!0}$, of ($-i$ times) the generator of the free classical dynamics; such a self-adjoint extension does not correspond to the classical dynamics describing the complete reflection due to the infinite barrier. Similar approximation results are also provided for the wave and scattering operators.
We consider the quantum evolution $e^{-ifrac{t}{hbar}H_{beta}} psi_{xi}^{hbar}$ of a Gaussian coherent state $psi_{xi}^{hbar}in L^{2}(mathbb{R})$ localized close to the classical state $xi equiv (q,p) in mathbb{R}^{2}$, where $H_{beta}$ denotes a self-adjoint realization of the formal Hamiltonian $-frac{hbar^{2}}{2m},frac{d^{2},}{dx^{2}} + beta,delta_{0}$, with $delta_{0}$ the derivative of Diracs delta distribution at $x = 0$ and $beta$ a real parameter. We show that in the semi-classical limit such a quantum evolution can be approximated (w.r.t. the $L^{2}(mathbb{R})$-norm, uniformly for any $t in mathbb{R}$ away from the collision time) by $e^{frac{i}{hbar} A_{t}} e^{it L_{B}} phi^{hbar}_{x}$, where $A_{t} = frac{p^{2}t}{2m}$, $phi_{x}^{hbar}(xi) := psi^{hbar}_{xi}(x)$ and $L_{B}$ is a suitable self-adjoint extension of the restriction to $mathcal{C}^{infty}_{c}({mathscr M}_{0})$, ${mathscr M}_{0} := {(q,p) in mathbb{R}^{2},|,q eq 0}$, of ($-i$ times) the generator of the free classical dynamics. While the operator $L_{B}$ here utilized is similar to the one appearing in our previous work [C. Cacciapuoti, D. Fermi, A. Posilicano, The semi-classical limit with a delta potential, Annali di Matematica Pura e Applicata (2020)] regarding the semi-classical limit with a delta potential, in the present case the approximation gives a smaller error: it is of order $hbar^{7/2-lambda}$, $0 < lambda < 1/2$, whereas it turns out to be of order $hbar^{3/2-lambda}$, $0 < lambda < 3/2$, for the delta potential. We also provide similar approximation results for both the wave and scattering operators.
Prime numbers are the building blocks of our arithmetic, however, their distribution still poses fundamental questions. Bernhard Riemann showed that the distribution of primes could be given explicitly if one knew the distribution of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann $zeta(s)$ function. According to the Hilbert-P{o}lya conjecture there exists a Hermitean operator of which the eigenvalues coincide with the real part of the non-trivial zeros of $zeta(s)$. This idea encourages physicists to examine the properties of such possible operators, and they have found interesting connections between the distribution of zeros and the distribution of energy eigenvalues of quantum systems. We apply the Mar{v{c}}henko approach to construct potentials with energy eigenvalues equal to the prime numbers and to the zeros of the $zeta(s)$ function. We demonstrate the multifractal nature of these potentials by measuring the R{e}nyi dimension of their graphs. Our results offer hope for further analytical progress.
The Birkhoffs theorem states that any doubly stochastic matrix lies inside a convex polytope with the permutation matrices at the corners. It can be proven that a similar theorem holds for unitary matrices with equal line sums for prime dimensions.
The unitary Birkhoff theorem states that any unitary matrix with all row sums and all column sums equal unity can be decomposed as a weighted sum of permutation matrices, such that both the sum of the weights and the sum of the squared moduli of the weights are equal to unity. If the dimension~$n$ of the unitary matrix equals a power of a prime $p$, i.e. if $n=p^w$, then the Birkhoff decomposition does not need all $n!$ possible permutation matrices, as the epicirculant permutation matrices suffice. This group of permutation matrices is isomorphic to the general affine group GA($w,p$) of order only $p^w(p^w-1)(p^w-p)...(p^w-p^{w-1}) ll left( p^w right)!$.
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