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Register a new userVibrational Satellites of C$_2$S, C$_3$S, and C$_4$S: Microwave Spectral Taxonomy as a Stepping Stone to the Millimeter-Wave Band
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We present a microwave spectral taxonomy study of several hydrocarbon/CS$_2$ discharge mixtures in which more than 60 distinct chemical species, their more abundant isotopic species, and/or their vibrationally excited states were detected using chirped-pulse and cavity Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopies. Taken together, in excess of 85 unique variants were detected, including several new isotopic species and more than 25 new vibrationally excited states of C$_2$S, C$_3$S, and C$_4$S, which have been assigned on the basis of published vibration-rotation interaction constants for C$_3$S, or newly calculated ones for C$_2$S and C$_4$S. On the basis of these precise, low-frequency measurements, several vibrationally exited states of C$_2$S and C$_3$S were subsequently identified in archival millimeter-wave data in the 253--280 GHz frequency range, ultimately providing highly accurate catalogs for astronomical searches. As part of this work, formation pathways of the two smaller carbon-sulfur chains were investigated using $^{13}$C isotopic spectroscopy, as was their vibrational excitation. The present study illustrates the utility of microwave spectral taxonomy as a tool for complex mixture analysis, and as a powerful and convenient `stepping stone to higher frequency measurements in the millimeter and submillimeter bands.
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We report structural and magnetic properties of the spin-$frac12$ quantum antiferromagnet Cu[C$_6$H$_2$(COO)$_4$][C$_2$H$_5$NH$_3$]$_2$ by means of single-crystal x-ray diffraction, magnetization, heat capacity, and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on polycrystalline samples, as well as band-structure calculations. The triclinic crystal structure of this compound features CuO$_4$ plaquette units connected into a two-dimensional framework through anions of the pyromellitic acid [C$_6$H$_2$(COO)$_4$]$^{4-}$. The ethylamine cations [C$_2$H$_5$NH$_3]^+$ are located between the layers and act as spacers. Magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements establish a quasi-two-dimensional, weakly anisotropic and non-frustrated spin-$frac12$ square lattice with the ratio of the couplings $J_a/J_csimeq 0.7$ along the $a$ and $c$ directions, respectively. No clear signatures of the long-range magnetic order are seen in thermodynamic measurements down to 1.8,K. However, the gradual broadening of the ESR line suggests that magnetic ordering occurs at lower temperatures. Leading magnetic couplings are mediated by the organic anion of the pyromellitic acid and exhibit a non-trivial dependence on the Cu--Cu distance, with the stronger coupling between those Cu atoms that are further apart.
A quantitative study of the astrophysically important sub-barrier fusion of $^{12}$C+$^{12}$C is presented. Low-energy collisions are described in the body-fixed reference frame using wave-packet dynamics within a nuclear molecular picture. A collective Hamiltonian drives the time propagation of the wave-packet through the collective potential-energy landscape. The fusion imaginary potential for specific dinuclear configurations is crucial for understanding the appearance of resonances in the fusion cross section. The theoretical sub-barrier fusion cross sections explain some observed resonant structures in the astrophysical S-factor. These cross sections monotonically decline towards stellar energies. The structures in the data that are not explained are possibly due to cluster effects in the nuclear molecule, which are to be included in the present approach.
A study of $B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} phi$ and $B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} pi^{+}pi^{-}$ decays is performed using $pp$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0$,rm fb^{-1}$, collected with the LHCb detector in Run~1 of the LHC. The observation of the decay $B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} phi$ is reported, where the $eta_{c}$ meson is reconstructed in the $pbar p$, $K^+K^-pi^+pi^-$, $pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-$ and $K^+K^-K^+K^-$ decay modes and the $phi(1020)$ in the $K^+ K^-$ decay mode. The decay $B^{0}_{s} to J/psi phi$ is used as a normalisation channel. Evidence is also reported for the decay $B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} pi^{+}pi^{-}$, where the $eta_{c}$ meson is reconstructed in the $pbar p$ decay mode, using the decay $B^{0}_{s} to J/psi pi^+ pi^-$ as a normalisation channel. The measured branching fractions are begin{eqnarray*} {mathcal B (B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} phi)} &=& left(5.01 pm 0.53 pm 0.27 pm 0.63 right) times 10^{-4} ,, onumber {mathcal B (B^{0}_{s} to eta_{c} pi^+ pi^-)} &=& left(1.76 pm 0.59 pm 0.12 pm 0.29 right) times 10^{-4} ,, end{eqnarray*} where in each case the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the external branching fractions.
Three dimensional continuous and discrete Fourier-like transforms, based on the three simple and four semisimple compact Lie groups of rank 3, are presented. For each simple Lie group, there are three families of special functions ($C$-, $S$-, and $E$-functions) on which the transforms are built. Pertinent properties of the functions are described in detail, such as their orthogonality within each family, when integrated over a finite region $F$ of the 3-dimensional Euclidean space (continuous orthogonality), as well as when summed up over a lattice grid $F_Msubset F$ (discrete orthogonality). The positive integer $M$ sets up the density of the lattice containing $F_M$. The expansion of functions given either on $F$ or on $F_M$ is the papers main focus.
We have investigated electronic structures of La$_3$S$_4$ and Ce$_3$S$_4$ using the LSDA and LSDA+$U$ methods. Calculated density of states (DOS) are compared with the experimental DOS obtained by the valence band photoemission spectroscopy. The DOS at $E_{rm{F}}$ indicates the 5$d$ character in La$_3$S$_4$ and 4$f$ character in Ce$_3$S$_4$. It is found to be nearly half metallic in the ferromagnetic ground state of Ce$_3$S$_4$. %Ce$_3$S$_4$ has ferromagnetic ground states with spin and orbital magnetic %moments of 1.27 $mu_{rm{B}}$ and $-$2.81 $mu_{rm{B}}$ per Ce, respectively, %and shows nearly half metallic ground state. We discuss the superconductivity and structural transition in La$_3$S$_4$, and the absence of structural transition in Ce$_3$S$_4$.
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