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Hopf cocycle deformations and invariant theory

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 Added by Ehud Meir
 Publication date 2018
  fields
and research's language is English
 Authors Ehud Meir




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For a given finite dimensional Hopf algebra $H$ we describe the set of all equivalence classes of cocycle deformations of $H$ as an affine variety, using methods of geometric invariant theory. We show how our results specialize to the Universal Coefficients Theorem in the case of a group algebra, and we also give examples from other families of Hopf algebras, including dual group algebras and Bosonizations of Nichols algebras. In particular, we use the methods developed here to classify the cocycle deformations of a dual pointed Hopf algebra associated to the symmetric group on three letters. We also give an example of a cocycle deformation over a dual group algebra, which has only rational invariants, but which is not definable over the rational field. This differs from the case of group algebras, in which every two-cocycle is equivalent to one which is definable by its invariants.



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Let $p$ and $q$ be distinct prime numbers. We study the Galois objects and cocycle deformations of the noncommutative, noncocommutative, semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$ and of dimension $pq^2$. We obtain that the $p+1$ non-isomorphic self-dual semisimple Hopf algebras of dimension $p^3$ classified by Masuoka have no non-trivial cocycle deformations, extending his previous results for the 8-dimensional Kac-Paljutkin Hopf algebra. This is done as a consequence of the classification of categorical Morita equivalence classes among semisimple Hopf algebras of odd dimension $p^3$, established by the third-named author in an appendix.
We show that all finite dimensional pointed Hopf algebras with the same diagram in the classification scheme of Andruskiewitsch and Schneider are cocycle deformations of each other. This is done by giving first a suitable characterization of such Hopf algebras, which allows for the application of a result of Masuoka about Morita-Takeuchi equivalence and of Schauenburg about Hopf Galois extensions. The infinitesimal part of the deforming cocycle and of the deformation determine the deformed multiplication and can be described explicitly in terms of Hochschild cohomology. Applications to, and results for copointed Hopf algebras are also considered.
We generalize the theory of the second invariant cohomology group $H^2_{rm inv}(G)$ for finite groups $G$, developed in [Da2,Da3,GK], to the case of affine algebraic groups $G$, using the methods of [EG1,EG2,G]. In particular, we show that for connected affine algebraic groups $G$ over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $0$, the map $Theta$ from [GK] is bijective (unlike for some finite groups, as shown in [GK]). This allows us to compute $H^2_{rm inv}(G)$ in this case, and in particular show that this group is commutative (while for finite groups it can be noncommutative, as shown in [GK]).
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