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Register a new userOn a Modified Klein-Gordon Equation with Vacuum-Energy Contributions
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We define a modified covariant Klein-Gordon (KG) equation containing quantum vacuum contributions arising from the self-interaction of matter with its own internal kinetic energy. The modified KG equation is exemplified for a variety of vacuum fields and various properties of the equation are articulated thereof. Generalized commutation and Energy-Momentum relations are characterized for a null vacuum-phase scenario of the proposed vacuum field $lambda$. Within this limited scenario, a representation theorem is introduced suggesting that one can equally modify the spacetime structure or momentum operator in articulating the proposed quantum theory. Such a modified KG equation is further shown to eliminate infrared and the ultraviolet divergences in the generalized Klein-Gordon propagator.
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Hawkings singularity theorem concerns matter obeying the strong energy condition (SEC), which means that all observers experience a nonnegative effective energy density (EED), thereby guaranteeing the timelike convergence property. However, there are models that do not satisfy the SEC and therefore lie outside the scope of Hawkings hypotheses, an important example being the massive Klein-Gordon field. Here we derive lower bounds on local averages of the EED for solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation, allowing nonzero mass and nonminimal coupling to the scalar curvature. The averages are taken along timelike geodesics or over spacetime volumes, and our bounds are valid for a range of coupling constants including both minimal and conformal coupling. Using methods developed by Fewster and Galloway, these lower bounds are applied to prove a Hawking-type singularity theorem for solutions to the Einstein-Klein-Gordon theory, asserting that solutions with sufficient initial contraction at a compact Cauchy surface will be future timelike geodesically incomplete.
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