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Register a new userThe critical exponent: a novel graph invariant
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A surprising result of FitzGerald and Horn (1977) shows that $A^{circ alpha} := (a_{ij}^alpha)$ is positive semidefinite (p.s.d.) for every entrywise nonnegative $n times n$ p.s.d. matrix $A = (a_{ij})$ if and only if $alpha$ is a positive integer or $alpha geq n-2$. Given a graph $G$, we consider the refined problem of characterizing the set $mathcal{H}_G$ of entrywise powers preserving positivity for matrices with a zero pattern encoded by $G$. Using algebraic and combinatorial methods, we study how the geometry of $G$ influences the set $mathcal{H}_G$. Our treatment provides new and exciting connections between combinatorics and analysis, and leads us to introduce and compute a new graph invariant called the critical exponent.
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We study the following nonlinear critical curl-curl equation begin{equation}label{eq0.1} ablatimes ablatimes U +V(x)U=|U|^{p-2}U+ |U|^4U,quad xin mathbb{R}^3,end{equation} where $V(x)=V(r, x_3)$ with $r=sqrt{x_1^2+x_2^2}$ is 1-periodic in $x_3$ direction and belongs to $L^infty(R^3)$. When $0 otin sigma(-Delta+frac{1}{r^2}+V)$ and $pin(4,6)$, we prove the existence of nontrivial solution for (ref{eq0.1}), which is indeed a ground state solution in a suitable cylindrically symmetric space. Especially, if $ sigma(-Delta+frac{1}{r^2}+V)>0$, a ground state solution is obtained for any $pin(2,6)$.
The study of entrywise powers of matrices was originated by Loewner in the pursuit of the Bieberbach conjecture. Since the work of FitzGerald and Horn (1977), it is known that $A^{circ alpha} := (a_{ij}^alpha)$ is positive semidefinite for every entrywise nonnegative $n times n$ positive semidefinite matrix $A = (a_{ij})$ if and only if $alpha$ is a positive integer or $alpha geq n-2$. This surprising result naturally extends the Schur product theorem, and demonstrates the existence of a sharp phase transition in preserving positivity. In this paper, we study when entrywise powers preserve positivity for matrices with structure of zeros encoded by graphs. To each graph is associated an invariant called its critical exponent, beyond which every power preserves positivity. In our main result, we determine the critical exponents of all chordal/decomposable graphs, and relate them to the geometry of the underlying graphs. We then examine the critical exponent of important families of non-chordal graphs such as cycles and bipartite graphs. Surprisingly, large families of dense graphs have small critical exponents that do not depend on the number of vertices of the graphs.
We prove a uniform bound on the topological Turan number of an arbitrary two-dimensional simplicial complex $S$: any $n$-vertex two-dimensional complex with at least $C_S n^{3-1/5}$ facets contains a homeomorphic copy of $S$, where $C_S > 0$ is an absolute constant depending on $S$ alone. This result, a two-dimensional analogue of a classical result of Mader for one-dimensional complexes, sheds some light on an old problem of Linial from 2006.
In this article we introduce Variable exponent Fock spaces and study some of their basic properties such as the boundedness of evaluation functionals, density of polynomials, boundedness of a Bergman-type projection and duality.
The blow up problem of the semilinear scale-invariant damping wave equation with critical Strauss type exponent is investigated. The life span is shown to be: $T(varepsilon)leq Cexp(varepsilon^{-2p(p-1)})$ when $p=p_S(n+mu)$ for $0<mu<frac{n^2+n+2}{n+2}$. This result completes our previous study cite{Tu-Lin} on the sub-Strauss type exponent $p<p_S(n+mu)$. Our novelty is to construct the suitable test function from the modified Bessel function. This approach might be also applied to the other type damping wave equations.
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