No Arabic abstract
We present a graphene-based metasurface that can be actively tuned between different regimes of operation, such as anomalous beam steering and focusing, cloaking and illusion optics, by applying electrostatic gating without modifying the geometry of the metasurface. The metasurface is designed by placing graphene nano-ribbons (GNRs) on a dielectric cavity resonator, where interplay between geometric plasmon resonances in the ribbons and Fabry-Perot resonances in the cavity is used to achieve 2$pi$ phase shift. As a proof of the concept, we demonstrate that wavefront of the field reflected from a triangular bump covered by the metasurface can be tuned by applying electric bias so as to resemble that of bare plane and of a spherical object. Moreover, reflective focusing and change of the reflection direction for the above-mentioned cases are also shown.
An efficient reflective elastic metasurface with tunable focusing point is proposed. The metasurface is based on electric resonators embedded in a stretchable elastic substrate. The focal length is controlled by mean of the stretching applied applied to the sample. The results predicted by theory and numerical simulations are experimentally verified. Our proposal shows that smart engineering elastic metamaterials are an effective platform for new functional devices based on metamaterials.
We report a THz reflectarray metasurface which uses graphene as active element to achieve beam steering, shaping and broadband phase modulation. This is based on the creation of a voltage controlled reconfigurable phase hologram, which can impart different reflection angles and phases to an incident beam, replacing bulky and fragile rotating mirrors used for terahertz imaging. This can also find applications in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, paving the way to versatile optical devices including light radars, adaptive optics, electro-optical modulators and screens.
We demonstrate a novel scheme to dramatically enhance both the second- and third-harmonic generation in a graphene-insulator-graphene metasurface. The key underlying feature of our approach is the existence of a double-resonance phenomenon, namely the metasurface is designed to possess fundamental plasmon resonances at both the fundamental frequency and the higher harmonic. In particular, this dual resonant field enhancement at the two optical frequencies, combined with a favorable spatial overlap of the optical near-fields, lead to the increase of the generated higher harmonic by several orders of magnitude. Remarkably, we demonstrate that by tuning the Fermi energy of the graphene gratings the dual-resonance property can be locked-in over a broad spectral range of ~20 THz, and equally important, the enhanced nonlinear frequency generation process can be readily switched in the same device between the second and third harmonic. This new type of graphene metasurface could open up new avenues towards the development of novel ultra-compact and multi-frequency active photonic nanodevices.
Reflectarrays composed of resonant microstrip gold patches on a dielectric substrate are demonstrated for operation at terahertz frequencies. Based on the relation between the patch size and the reflection phase, a progressive phase distribution is implemented on the patch array to create a reflector able to deflect an incident beam towards a predefined angle off the specular direction. In order to confirm the validity of the design, a set of reflectarrays each with periodically distributed 360*360 patch elements are fabricated and measured. The experimental results obtained through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) show that up to nearly 80% of the incident amplitude is deflected into the desired direction at an operation frequency close to 1 THz. The radiation patterns of the reflectarray in TM and TE polarizations are also obtained at different frequencies. This work presents an attractive concept for developing components able to efficiently manipulate terahertz radiation for emerging terahertz communications.
Optical metamaterials and metasurfaces which emerged in the course of the last few decades have revolutionized our understanding of light and light-matter interaction. While solid materials are naturally employed as key building elements for construction of optical metamaterials mainly due to their structural stability, practically no attention was given to study of liquid-made optical 2D metasurfaces and the underlying interaction regimes between surface optical modes and liquids. In this work, we theoretically demonstrate that surface plasmon polaritons and slab waveguide modes that propagate within a thin liquid dielectric film, trigger optical self-induced interaction facilitated by surface tension effects, which lead to formation of 2D optical liquid-made lattices/metasurfaces with tunable symmetry and which can be leveraged for tuning of lasing modes. Furthermore, we show that the symmetry breaking of the 2D optical liquid lattice leads to phase transition and tuning of its topological properties which allows to form, destruct and move Dirac-points in the k-space. Our results indicate that optical liquid lattices support extremely low lasing threshold relative to solid dielectric films and have the potential to serve as configurable analogous computation platform.