No Arabic abstract
Nowadays, deep learning has been widely used. In natural language learning, the analysis of complex semantics has been achieved because of its high degree of flexibility. The deceptive opinions detection is an important application area in deep learning model, and related mechanisms have been given attention and researched. On-line opinions are quite short, varied types and content. In order to effectively identify deceptive opinions, we need to comprehensively study the characteristics of deceptive opinions, and explore novel characteristics besides the textual semantics and emotional polarity that have been widely used in text analysis. The detection mechanism based on deep learning has better self-adaptability and can effectively identify all kinds of deceptive opinions. In this paper, we optimize the convolution neural network model by embedding the word order characteristics in its convolution layer and pooling layer, which makes convolution neural network more suitable for various text classification and deceptive opinions detection. The TensorFlow-based experiments demonstrate that the detection mechanism proposed in this paper achieve more accurate deceptive opinion detection results.
In this paper we perform an analytic comparison of a number of techniques used to detect fake and deceptive online reviews. We apply a number machine learning approaches found to be effective, and introduce our own approach by fine-tuning state of the art contextualised embeddings. The results we obtain show the potential of contextualised embeddings for fake review detection, and lay the groundwork for future research in this area.
Small footprint embedded devices require keyword spotters (KWS) with small model size and detection latency for enabling voice assistants. Such a keyword is often referred to as textit{wake word} as it is used to wake up voice assistant enabled devices. Together with wake word detection, accurate estimation of wake word endpoints (start and end) is an important task of KWS. In this paper, we propose two new methods for detecting the endpoints of wake words in neural KWS that use single-stage word-level neural networks. Our results show that the new techniques give superior accuracy for detecting wake words endpoints of up to 50 msec standard error versus human annotations, on par with the conventional Acoustic Model plus HMM forced alignment. To our knowledge, this is the first study of wake word endpoints detection methods for single-stage neural KWS.
Authorship analysis is an important subject in the field of natural language processing. It allows the detection of the most likely writer of articles, news, books, or messages. This technique has multiple uses in tasks related to authorship attribution, detection of plagiarism, style analysis, sources of misinformation, etc. The focus of this paper is to explore the limitations and sensitiveness of established approaches to adversarial manipulations of inputs. To this end, and using those established techniques, we first developed an experimental frame-work for author detection and input perturbations. Next, we experimentally evaluated the performance of the authorship detection model to a collection of semantic-preserving adversarial perturbations of input narratives. Finally, we compare and analyze the effects of different perturbation strategies, input and model configurations, and the effects of these on the author detection model.
For most intelligent assistant systems, it is essential to have a mechanism that detects out-of-domain (OOD) utterances automatically to handle noisy input properly. One typical approach would be introducing a separate class that contains OOD utterance examples combined with in-domain text samples into the classifier. However, since OOD utterances are usually unseen to the training datasets, the detection performance largely depends on the quality of the attached OOD text data with restricted sizes of samples due to computing limits. In this paper, we study how augmented OOD data based on sampling impact OOD utterance detection with a small sample size. We hypothesize that OOD utterance samples chosen randomly can increase the coverage of unknown OOD utterance space and enhance detection accuracy if they are more dispersed. Experiments show that given the same dataset with the same OOD sample size, the OOD utterance detection performance improves when OOD samples are more spread-out.
In this paper, we study the problem of deceptive reinforcement learning to preserve the privacy of a reward function. Reinforcement learning is the problem of finding a behaviour policy based on rewards received from exploratory behaviour. A key ingredient in reinforcement learning is a reward function, which determines how much reward (negative or positive) is given and when. However, in some situations, we may want to keep a reward function private; that is, to make it difficult for an observer to determine the reward function used. We define the problem of privacy-preserving reinforcement learning, and present two models for solving it. These models are based on dissimulation -- a form of deception that `hides the truth. We evaluate our models both computationally and via human behavioural experiments. Results show that the resulting policies are indeed deceptive, and that participants can determine the true reward function less reliably than that of an honest agent.