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Register a new userDetection of GeV $gamma$-ray emission in the direction of HESS J1731-347 with Fermi-LAT
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We report the detection of GeV $gamma$-ray emission from supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 using 9 years of {it Fermi} Large Area Telescope data. We find a slightly extended GeV source in the direction of HESS J1731-347. The spectrum above 1 GeV can be fitted by a power-law with an index of $Gamma = 1.77pm0.14$, and the GeV spectrum connects smoothly with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1731-347. Either a hadronic-leptonic or a pure leptonic model can fit the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution of the source. However, the hard GeV $gamma$-ray spectrum is more naturally produced in a leptonic (inverse Compton scattering) scenario, under the framework of diffusive shock acceleration. We also searched for the GeV $gamma$-ray emission from the nearby TeV source HESS J1729-345. No significant GeV $gamma$-ray emission is found, and upper limits are derived.
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We report the first high-significance GeV gamma-ray detections of supernova remnants HESS J1731-347 and SN 1006, both of which have been previously detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes above 1 TeV. Using 8 years of Fermi Pass 8 data at energies between 1 GeV and 2 TeV, we detect emission at the position of HESS J1731-347 with a significance of $sim 5sigma$ and a spectral index of $Gamma = 1.66 pm 0.16_{rm stat} pm 0.12_{rm syst}$. The hardness of the index and the good connection with the TeV spectrum of HESS J1731-347 support an association between the two sources. We also confirm the detection of SN 1006 at $sim 6sigma$ with a spectral index of $Gamma = 1.79 pm 0.17_{rm stat} pm 0.27_{rm syst}$. The northeast (NE) and southwest (SW) limbs of SN 1006 were also fit separately, resulting in the detection of the NE region ($Gamma = 1.47 pm 0.26_{rm stat}$) and the non-detection of the SW region. The significance of different spectral components for the two limbs is $3.6sigma$, providing first indications of an asymmetry in the GeV $gamma$-ray emission.
The results of Mopra molecular spectral line observations towards the supernova remnant HESSJ1731-347 (G353.6-0.7) and the unidentified gamma-ray source HESSJ1729-345 are presented. Dense molecular gas in three different velocity-bands (corresponding to three Galactic arms) are investigated using the CS(1-0) line. The CS-traced component provides information about the dense target material in a hadronic scenario for gamma-ray production (cosmic rays interacting with gas) and an understanding of the dynamics. Furthermore, the effects of cosmic ray diffusion into dense gas may alter the gamma-ray spectrum to cause a flattening of spectra towards such regions. Dense molecular gas mass at a level of ~10^5 Mo was revealed in this survey, with mass of the order of ~10^3 Mo towards HESSJ1729-345 in each coincident Galactic arm, but no significant detection of dense molecular gas towards HESSJ1731-347 at the currently-preferred distance of ~5.2-6.2 kpc was discovered.
In the survey of the Galactic plane conducted with H.E.S.S., many VHE gamma-ray sources were discovered for which no clear counterpart at other wavelengths could be identified. HESS J1731-347 initially belonged to this source class. Recently however, the new shell-type supernova remnant (SNR) G353.6-0.7 was discovered in radio data, positionally coinciding with the VHE source. We will present new X-ray observations that cover a fraction of the VHE source, revealing nonthermal emission that most likely can be interpreted as synchrotron emission from high-energy electrons. This, along with a larger H.E.S.S. data set which comprises more than twice the observation time used in the discovery paper, allows us to test whether the VHE source may indeed be attributed to shell-type emission from that new SNR. If true, this would make HESS J1731-347 a new object in the small but growing class of non-thermal shell-type supernova remnants with VHE emission.
The very high energy (VHE; >100 GeV) source HESS J0632+057 has been recently confirmed as a gamma-ray binary, a subclass of the high mass X-ray binary (HMXB) population, through the detection of an orbital period of 321 days. We performed a deep search for the emission of HESS J0632+057 in the GeV energy range using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). The analysis was challenging due to the source being located in close proximity to the bright gamma-ray pulsar PSR J0633+0632 and lying in a crowded region of the Galactic plane where there is prominent diffuse emission. We formulated a Bayesian block algorithm adapted to work with weighted photon counts, in order to define the off-pulse phases of PSR J0633+0632. A detailed spectral-spatial model of a 5 deg circular region centred on the known location of HESS J0632+057 was generated to accurately model the LAT data. No significant emission from the location of HESS J0632+057 was detected in the 0.1-100 GeV energy range integrating over ~3.5 years of data; with a 95% flux upper limit of F_{0.1-100 GeV} < 3 x 10-8 ph cm-2 s-1. A search for emission over different phases of the orbit also yielded no significant detection. A search for source emission on shorter timescales (days--months) did not yield any significant detections. We also report the results of a search for radio pulsations using the 100-m Green Bank Telescope (GBT). No periodic signals or individual dispersed bursts of a likely astronomical origin were detected. We estimated the flux density limit of < 90/40 mu Jy at 2/9 GHz. The LAT flux upper limits combined with the detection of HESS J0632+057 in the 136-400 TeV energy band by the MAGIC collaboration imply that the VHE spectrum must turn over at energies <136 GeV placing constraints on any theoretical models invoked to explain the gamma-ray emission.
The supernova remnant (SNR) HESS J1731-347 is a young SNR which displays a non-thermal X-ray and TeV shell structure. A molecular cloud at a distance of 3.2 kpc is spatially coincident with the western part of the SNR, and it is likely hit by the SNR. The X-ray emission from this part of the shell is much lower than from the rest of the SNR. Moreover, a compact GeV emission region coincident with the cloud has been detected with a soft spectrum. These observations seem to imply a shock-cloud collision scenario at this area, where the stalled shock can no longer accelerate super-TeV electrons or maintain strong magnetic turbulence downstream, while the GeV cosmic rays (CRs) are released through this stalled shock. To test this hypothesis, we have performed a detailed Fermi-LAT reanalysis of the HESS J1731-347 region with over 9 years of data. We find that the compact GeV emission region displays a spectral power-law index of -2.4, whereas the GeV emission from the rest of the SNR (excluding the cloud region) has an index of -1.8. A hadronic model involving a shock-cloud collision scenario is built to explain the -ray emission from this area. It consists of three CR sources: run-away super-TeV CRs that have escaped from the fast shock, leaked GeV CRs from the stalled shock, and the local CR sea. The X-ray and -ray emission of the SNR excluding the shock-cloud interaction region is explained in a one-zone leptonic model. Our shock-cloud collision model explains well the GeV-TeV observations from both cloud regions around HESS J1731-347, i.e. from the cloud in contact with the SNR and from the more distant cloud which is coincident with the nearby TeV source HESS J1729-345. We find however that the leaked GeV CRs from the shock-cloud collision do not necessarily dominate the GeV emission from the clouds, due to a comparable contribution from the local CR sea.
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