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Register a new userStatus of the Project 8 Phase II
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Authors
Mathieu Guigue
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The Project 8 collaboration aims to measure the absolute neutrino mass scale using cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy on the beta decay of tritium. The second phase of the project will measure a continuous spectrum of molecular tritium beta decays and extract the tritium endpoint value with an eV or sub-eV scale precision. Monoenergetic electrons emitted by gaseous $^{83mathrm{m}}$Kr atoms are used to determine the relationship between cyclotron frequency and electron energy. This study allows us to optimize both the event reconstruction algorithm and the hardware configuration, in preparation for measuring the tritium beta decay spectrum. Phase II will benefit from a gas system of krypton and tritium that will allow measurement of and offline correction for magnetic field fluctuations. We present the recent progress in understanding the electron kinematics and implementing the magnetic field calibration.
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Project 8 is a tritium endpoint neutrino mass experiment utilizing a phased program to achieve sensitivity to the range of neutrino masses allowed by the inverted mass hierarchy. The Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) technique is employed to measure the differential energy spectrum of decay electrons with high precision. We present an overview of the Project 8 experimental program, from first demonstration of the CRES technique to ultimate sensitivity with an atomic tritium source. We highlight recent advances in preparation for the first measurement of the continuous tritium spectrum with CRES.
The most sensitive direct method to establish the absolute neutrino mass is observation of the endpoint of the tritium beta-decay spectrum. Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy (CRES) is a precision spectrographic technique that can probe much of the unexplored neutrino mass range with $mathcal{O}({rm eV})$ resolution. A lower bound of $m( u_e) gtrsim 9(0.1), {rm meV}$ is set by observations of neutrino oscillations, while the KATRIN Experiment - the current-generation tritium beta-decay experiment that is based on Magnetic Adiabatic Collimation with an Electrostatic (MAC-E) filter - will achieve a sensitivity of $m( u_e) lesssim 0.2,{rm eV}$. The CRES technique aims to avoid the difficulties in scaling up a MAC-E filter-based experiment to achieve a lower mass sensitivity. In this paper we review the current status of the CRES technique and describe Project 8, a phased absolute neutrino mass experiment that has the potential to reach sensitivities down to $m( u_e) lesssim 40,{rm meV}$ using an atomic tritium source.
The Project 8 experiment aims to measure the neutrino mass using tritium beta decays. Beta-decay electron energies will be measured with a novel technique: as the electrons travel in a uniform magnetic field their cyclotron radiation will be detected. The frequency of each electrons cyclotron radiation is inversely proportional to its total relativistic energy; therefore, by observing the cyclotron radiation we can make a precise measurement of the electron energies. The advantages of this technique include scalability, excellent energy resolution, and low backgrounds. The collaboration is using a prototype experiment to study the feasibility of the technique with a $^{83m}$Kr source. Demonstrating the ability to see the 17.8 keV and 30.2 keV conversion electrons from $^{83m}$Kr will show that it may be possible to measure tritium beta-decay electron energies ($Q approx 18.6$ keV) with their cyclotron radiation. Progress on the prototype, analysis and signal-extraction techniques, and an estimate of the potential future of the experiment will be discussed.
Other the past few years we have developed a monolithic CMOS pixel detector design for the ILC in collaboration with the SARNOFF Corporation. The unique feature of this design is the recorded time tag for each hit, allowing assignment of the hit to a particular bunch crossing (thus the name Chronopixel). The prototype design was completed in 2007. The first set of prototype devices was fabricated in 2008. We have developed a detailed testing plan and have designed the test electronics in collaboration with SLAC. Testing is expected to start early in 2009.
The TORCH time-of-flight detector will provide particle identification between 2-10 GeV/c momentum over a flight distance of 10 m, and is designed for large-area coverage, up to 30 m^2. A 15 ps time-of-flight resolution per incident particle is anticipated by measuring the arrival times from Cherenkov photons produced in a synthetic fused silica radiator plate of 10 mm thickness. Customised Micro-Channel Plate Photomultiplier Tube (MCP-PMT) photon detectors of 53 x 53 mm^2 active area with a 64 x 64 granularity have been developed with industrial partners. Test-beam studies using both a small-scale TORCH demonstrator and a half-length TORCH module are presented. The desired timing resolution of 70 ps per single photon is close to being achieved.
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